Garland S M, O'Reilly M A
Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Drug Saf. 1995 Sep;13(3):188-205. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199513030-00004.
Antimicrobial agents, especially antibiotics, are prescribed in pregnancy for various specific indications related to pregnancy per se (e.g. chorioamnionitis), for infections otherwise unrelated to but complicating pregnancy (e.g. pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis) and prophylactically for conditions which if untreated would have an adverse outcome for the pregnancy (e.g. asymptomatic bacteriuria). The selection of an agent will depend on the likely pathogen, stage of pregnancy, special pharmacokinetic factors related to the stage of pregnancy, safety of the drug and cost. Some classes of antibiotics can be taken throughout the 3 trimesters (e.g. beta-lactams), while others are completely contraindicated (e.g. tetracyclines) and others are to be avoided in certain trimesters (e.g. sulphas are contraindicated in the third trimester). The choice of an appropriate antimicrobial agent must be weighed against the potential adverse outcome of a particular infection, the drug safety and spectrum of activity.
抗菌药物，尤其是抗生素，在孕期用于治疗与妊娠本身相关的各种特定指征（如绒毛膜羊膜炎）、治疗与妊娠无关但并发于妊娠的感染（如肺炎、细菌性心内膜炎），以及对若不治疗会对妊娠产生不良后果的情况进行预防性治疗（如无症状菌尿症）。药物的选择将取决于可能的病原体、妊娠阶段、与妊娠阶段相关的特殊药代动力学因素、药物安全性和成本。某些类别的抗生素在整个孕期的三个阶段都可以使用（如β-内酰胺类），而其他一些则完全禁忌使用（如四环素类），还有一些在特定孕期应避免使用（如磺胺类在孕晚期禁忌使用）。必须权衡选择合适抗菌药物与特定感染的潜在不良后果、药物安全性和活性谱之间的关系。
