Grantham-McGregor S
Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
J Nutr. 1995 Aug;125(8 Suppl):2233S-2238S. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.suppl_8.2233S.
This is a review of studies on the relationship between mental development and severe malnutrition. School-age children who suffered from early childhood malnutrition have generally been found to have poorer IQ levels, cognitive function, school achievement and greater behavioral problems than matched controls and, to a lesser extent, siblings. The disadvantages last at least until adolescence. There is no consistent evidence of a specific cognitive deficit. The evidence of a causal relationship is strong but not unequivocal because of difficulties in interpreting retrospective case control studies. Marked improvements in development can occur after adoption or intervention. Therefore, the outcome depends to a large extent on the quality of the subsequent environment. It is likely that extremely deprived environments would exacerbate the effects. There is limited evidence that other nutritional deficiencies may interact with previous malnutrition in affecting cognition. The mechanism linking malnutrition to poor development is still not established.
这是一篇关于心理发展与严重营养不良之间关系的研究综述。一般发现，与匹配的对照组以及在一定程度上与兄弟姐妹相比，童年期遭受营养不良的学龄儿童智商水平较低、认知功能较差、学业成绩不佳且行为问题更多。这些劣势至少会持续到青春期。没有一致的证据表明存在特定的认知缺陷。由于回顾性病例对照研究的解释存在困难，因果关系的证据虽有力但并不明确。收养或干预后，发展状况可出现显著改善。因此，结果在很大程度上取决于后续环境的质量。极贫困的环境可能会加剧这种影响。仅有有限的证据表明，其他营养缺乏可能会与先前的营养不良相互作用，进而影响认知。营养不良与发育不良之间的联系机制仍未明确。
