Parker D, West R, Stradling S, Manstead A S
Psychology Department, Manchester University, U.K.
Accid Anal Prev. 1995 Aug;27(4):571-81. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(95)00005-k.
Recent research has shown risk of road traffic accident involvement to be associated with the tendency to commit driving violations, fast driving, and a lack of thoroughness in decision making. It has also been shown that three broad types of accident can be used to categorise more than 70% of drivers' brief written descriptions of their accidents. These categories are "shunts" (rear-end collisions), right-of-way violations, and loss-of-control accidents. Furthermore, for each accident type the role of the reporting driver may be defined as active (striking) or passive (struck) depending on the position of his/her vehicle. This paper reports two studies examining the extent to which measures of tendency to commit violations (measured by the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ)), frequency of fast driving (measured by the Driving Style Questionnaire (DSQ)) and thoroughness in decision making (measured by the Decision Making Questionnaire (DMQ)) are associated specifically with involvement in each of the main accident types. The results showed that a high DBQ-violation score was associated with accidents in general, both active and passive, and specifically with active loss-of-control accidents and passive right-of-way accidents. High DSQ-speed and low DMQ-thoroughness were associated with active but not passive accidents, high DSQ-speed with active right-of-way violations, and low DMQ-thoroughness was specifically associated with active shunts and active right-of-way violations. The implications of these results are discussed.
最近的研究表明，卷入道路交通事故的风险与违反驾驶规则的倾向、超速驾驶以及决策不够周全有关。研究还表明，三种主要类型的事故可以用来对超过70%的司机对其事故的简短书面描述进行分类。这些类别是“追尾”（追尾碰撞）、违反先行权和失控事故。此外，对于每种事故类型，根据报告司机车辆的位置，其角色可定义为主动（撞击）或被动（被撞击）。本文报告了两项研究，考察了违反规则倾向的测量指标（通过驾驶行为问卷（DBQ）测量）、超速驾驶频率（通过驾驶风格问卷（DSQ）测量）和决策周全性（通过决策问卷（DMQ）测量）在多大程度上与卷入每种主要事故类型具体相关。结果显示，DBQ违规得分高与一般事故相关，包括主动和被动事故，尤其与主动失控事故和被动先行权事故相关。DSQ速度得分高和DMQ周全性得分低与主动事故而非被动事故相关，DSQ速度得分高与主动违反先行权相关，DMQ周全性得分低尤其与主动追尾和主动违反先行权相关。文中讨论了这些结果的意义。
