Barati Fatemeh, Pourshahbaz Abas, Nosratabadi Masode, Shiasy Yasaman
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Unit, Paarand Specialized Center for Human Enhancement, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2020 Oct;15(4):312-321. doi: 10.18502/ijps.v15i4.4297.
Road traffic injuries are leading cause of death and economic losses, particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Thus, increased understanding of the causes of traffic accidents can help solve this problem. The primary goal of this study was to examine attentional bias, decision-making styles, and impulsiveness in drivers with safe or risky driving behaviors. The secondary purpose was to determine the variance of each variable among 2 groups of drivers. This was a cross sectional design study, in which 120 male drivers aged 20-30 years (60 males with risky driving behaviors and 60 with safe driving behaviors) were recruited from Tehran using sampling technique. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Decision-Making Style Scale (DMSQ), Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ), Self-Assessment Manikin Scale (SAM), and Dot Probe Task were used. The analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 22. The mean age of participants was 26 years. Significant differences were found between impulsiveness (attentional, motor, and non planning impulsiveness) and decision-making styles (spontaneous and avoidant) between the 2 groups. Also, based on the results of discriminant function analysis (DFS), the subscales of impulsiveness and 2 decision-making styles explained 25% of the variance in the 2 groups of risky and safe drivers. Findings of this study indicated that impulsiveness and 2 decision-making styles were predominant factors. Therefore, not only is there a need for research to reduce traffic accidents, but studies can also be helpful in issuing driving licenses to individuals.
道路交通事故是死亡和经济损失的主要原因，在伊朗等发展中国家尤为如此。因此，加强对交通事故成因的了解有助于解决这一问题。本研究的主要目的是考察具有安全或危险驾驶行为的驾驶员的注意力偏差、决策风格和冲动性。次要目的是确定两组驾驶员中各变量的差异。这是一项横断面设计研究，采用抽样技术从德黑兰招募了120名年龄在20至30岁之间的男性驾驶员（60名有危险驾驶行为的男性和60名有安全驾驶行为的男性）。使用了巴拉特冲动性量表（BIS）、决策风格量表（DMSQ）、曼彻斯特驾驶员行为问卷（MDBQ）、自我评估人体模型量表（SAM）和点探测任务。分析使用IBM SPSS 22版进行。参与者的平均年龄为26岁。两组之间在冲动性（注意力、运动和非计划性冲动性）和决策风格（自发和回避）方面存在显著差异。此外，基于判别函数分析（DFS）的结果，冲动性和两种决策风格的子量表解释了两组危险和安全驾驶员中25%的方差。本研究结果表明，冲动性和两种决策风格是主要因素。因此，不仅需要开展减少交通事故的研究，这些研究也有助于向个人发放驾驶执照。
