Cupp M S, Cupp E W, Ochoa-A J O, Moulton J K
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
Med Vet Entomol. 1995 Jul;9(3):325-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00141.x.
Salivary gland apyrase is believed to be critical to blood-feeding in arthropod vectors. This enzyme was measured in six New World blackflies representing three taxonomic pairs of non-vectors and vectors of Onchocerca volvulus. In Simulium (Psilopelmia) ochraceum, a highly anthropophilic vector in Mexico and Guatemala, apyrase exhibited maximum activity between pH 8.0 and 9.0, mean 39.8 +/- 4.7 milliUnits/pair of gland equivalents (mU), and was enhanced when ATP was used as a substrate. In the zoophilic non-vector Simulium (Psilopelmia) bivittatum maximum activity was significantly less (5.1 +/- 0.7 mU) under all conditions examined. Preference for ADP or ATP as substrate was a function of the pH of the reaction for this species. Apyrase activity in Simulium (Simulium) metallicum Bellardi (29.5 +/- 11.5 mU), a zoophilic secondary vector in Mexico and Guatemala, resembled that of S. (Ps.) ochraceum (24.8 +/- 13.7 mU at pH 8.5) with ADP as substrate, but showed reduced activity with ATP. Both these Central American vectors had higher apyrase activity than found in Simulium (Notolepria) exiguum, a vector of O. volvulus in Ecuador and Colombia. However, maximum apyrase activity, measured at pH 8.0 with ADP as substrate, was greater in S. (N.) exiguum (10.9 +/- 0.6 mU) than in Simulium (Notolepria) gonzalezi (5.9 +/- 1.9 mU), a non-vector species widespread in Central America. Therefore, for the consubgeneric species pairs examined, a positive association was detected between higher concentrations of apyrase activity and their vector status for O.volvulus.
唾液腺腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶被认为在节肢动物媒介的吸血过程中至关重要。在代表旋盘尾丝虫的三对非媒介和媒介分类的六种新大陆蚋中测量了这种酶。在墨西哥和危地马拉的一种高度嗜人的媒介蚋——淡黄蚋（Simulium (Psilopelmia) ochraceum）中，腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶在pH 8.0至9.0之间表现出最大活性，平均为39.8±4.7毫单位/对腺体当量（mU），并且当以三磷酸腺苷（ATP）作为底物时活性增强。在嗜动物的非媒介双带蚋（Simulium (Psilopelmia) bivittatum）中，在所有检测条件下最大活性显著更低（5.1±0.7 mU）。对二磷酸腺苷（ADP）或ATP作为底物的偏好是该物种反应pH的函数。墨西哥和危地马拉的嗜动物二级媒介金属蚋（Simulium (Simulium) metallicum Bellardi）（29.5±11.5 mU）中的腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶活性，以ADP作为底物时类似于淡黄蚋（24.8±13.7 mU，pH 8.5），但以ATP作为底物时活性降低。这两种中美洲媒介的腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶活性均高于厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚的旋盘尾丝虫媒介微小蚋（Simulium (Notolepria) exiguum）。然而，以ADP作为底物在pH 8.0测量时，微小蚋的最大腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶活性（10.9±0.6 mU）高于中美洲广泛分布的心蚋（Simulium (Notolepria) gonzalezi）（5.9±1.9 mU），后者为非媒介物种。因此，对于所检测的同属物种对，在较高浓度的腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶活性与其作为旋盘尾丝虫媒介的状态之间检测到正相关。
