Gruenewald P J, Ponicki W R, Mitchell P R
Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Addiction. 1995 Aug;90(8):1063-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.90810635.x.
This study investigates the aggregate relationships between suicide rates and beverage specific measures of alcohol consumption for states in the United States over periods of from 14 to 20 years. Time series cross-sectional analyses of these aggregate state level data are presented which control for exogenous differences between states, time trends and covariations over time in nine measures; age composition, male population, non-white population, per capita land area, metropolitanism, income, unemployment, measures of religious preferences and divorce. After correcting for substantial autocorrelations in measurement error, the analyses revealed that suicide rates were specifically associated with spirits sales, age composition of state populations, per capita land area, unemployment and religious preferences over time. While suicide rates increased significantly as a function of increased spirits sales, beer and wine sales were not associated with suicide rates. These findings suggest that it is not the consumption of ethanol per se but rather the consumption of ethanol in the form of spirits that is related to suicides. Rather, it would appear that a population-based preference for the consumption of spirits is associated with suicide events.
本研究调查了美国各州在14至20年期间自杀率与特定酒精饮料消费指标之间的总体关系。文中呈现了对这些州级总体数据的时间序列横截面分析，该分析控制了各州之间的外生差异、时间趋势以及九个指标随时间的协变情况；这九个指标分别为年龄构成、男性人口、非白人人口、人均土地面积、城市化程度、收入、失业率、宗教偏好指标以及离婚率。在对测量误差中的显著自相关性进行校正后，分析表明，随着时间推移，自杀率与烈性酒销量、州人口年龄构成、人均土地面积、失业率以及宗教偏好存在特定关联。虽然自杀率随着烈性酒销量的增加而显著上升，但啤酒和葡萄酒销量与自杀率并无关联。这些研究结果表明，与自杀相关的并非乙醇本身的消费，而是以烈性酒形式存在的乙醇消费。相反，似乎基于人群对烈性酒消费的偏好与自杀事件相关。
