Spriet L L
School of Human Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Jun;5 Suppl:S84-99. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.5.s1.s84.
Caffeine ingestion (3-9 mg/kg body weight) prior to exercise increases performance during prolonged endurance exercise and short-term intense exercise lasting approximately 5 min in the laboratory. These results are generally reported in well-trained elite or recreational subjects. However, there is a lack of well-controlled field studies to determine the applicability of laboratory results to the athletic world. Caffeine does not appear to enhance performance during incremental exercise tests lasting 8-20 min and during sprinting lasting less than 90 s, although research examining sprinting is rare. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for any improvement in endurance and short-term exercise have not been clearly established. The ergogenic effects of caffeine are present with urinary caffeine levels that are below the limit of 12 micrograms/ml allowed by the International Olympic Committee, which raises serious ethical issues regarding the use of caffeine to improve athletic performance. One solution would be to add caffeine to the list of banned substances, thereby requiring athletes to abstain from caffeine ingestion 48-72 hr prior to competition.
运动前摄入咖啡因（3 - 9毫克/千克体重）可提高长时间耐力运动以及实验室中持续约5分钟的短期剧烈运动的表现。这些结果通常是在训练有素的精英或休闲受试者身上得出的。然而，缺乏严格控制的实地研究来确定实验室结果在体育界的适用性。尽管关于短跑的研究很少，但在持续8 - 20分钟的递增运动测试和持续不到90秒的短跑过程中，咖啡因似乎并不能提高表现。此外，耐力和短期运动表现改善的相关机制尚未明确确立。咖啡因的促力效果在尿咖啡因水平低于国际奥委会允许的12微克/毫升的限度时就已存在，这引发了关于使用咖啡因提高运动表现的严重伦理问题。一种解决办法是将咖啡因列入违禁物质清单，从而要求运动员在比赛前48 - 72小时 abstain from caffeine ingestion（戒除咖啡因摄入）。
