Hopwood D
Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Digestion. 1995;56 Suppl 1:5-8. doi: 10.1159/000201294.
Various defence mechanisms are found in the oesophagus which can be elicited by reflux damage. Premucosal defence includes bicarbonate ions and epidermal growth factor (EGF) secreted by salivary and oesophageal glands. The mucosa can respond by increasing epithelial cell turnover and upregulating EGF receptor and endocytosis. The intercellular barrier can be increased by the contents of membrane-coating granules. Local pH can be regulated by carbonic anhydrase. The whole viscus can exhibit peristalsis to effect a mechanical clearance of the refluxed gastric and duodenal material.
食管中存在多种防御机制，这些机制可由反流损伤引发。黏膜下防御包括唾液腺和食管腺分泌的碳酸氢根离子和表皮生长因子（EGF）。黏膜可通过增加上皮细胞更新、上调EGF受体和内吞作用来做出反应。膜包被颗粒的内容物可增加细胞间屏障。碳酸酐酶可调节局部pH值。整个脏器可表现出蠕动，以机械性清除反流的胃和十二指肠物质。
