Ingram J M, Sporik R, Rose G, Honsinger R, Chapman M D, Platts-Mills T A
University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 Oct;96(4):449-56. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70286-5.
Our objective was to identify the allergens associated with asthma among schoolchildren in an area of the United States where dust mite growth is expected to be poor. Los Alamos, N.M., was chosen because it has low rainfall and is at high altitude (7200 feet) making it very dry. One hundred eleven children (12 to 14 years old) from the middle school who had been previously classified according to bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine (BHR) were studied.
Sera were assayed for IgE antibodies to mite, cat, dog, cockroach, Russian thistle, and grass pollen, with both CAP system fluoroimmunoassay (Kabi Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and conventional RAST. Allergens were measured in dust samples from 108 homes with two-site assays for mite (Der p 1 and Der f 1), cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), and cockroach (Bla g 2).
Concentrations of dog and cat allergens were elevated in almost all houses with pets but were also high in a significant proportion of the houses without pets. Levels of mite allergen were less than 2 micrograms/gm in 95% of the houses, and cockroach was undetectable in all but two of the houses. Among the 21 with BHR who had symptoms, 67% had IgE antibody to dog and 62% had IgE antibody to cat. For these allergens IgE antibody was strongly associated with asthma (p < 0.001). By contrast, the presence of IgE antibody to mite, cockroach, or grass pollen was not significantly associated with asthma.
The high prevalence of IgE antibody to cat and dog allergens among these children is in keeping with the presence of cat and/or dog allergen in most of the houses. Furthermore, sensitization (as judged by IgE antibodies) to cat and dog allergens was strongly associated with asthma. On the other hand, no clear relationship was found between sensitization or symptoms and the current level of allergen in individual houses. The results show that in this mite-and cockroach-free environment sensitization to domestic animals was the most significant association with asthma.
我们的目标是在美国一个预计尘螨生长不佳的地区，确定与学龄儿童哮喘相关的过敏原。新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯被选中，因为其降雨量低且海拔高（7200英尺），气候非常干燥。对111名来自中学的12至14岁儿童进行了研究，这些儿童先前已根据对组胺的支气管高反应性（BHR）进行了分类。
采用CAP系统荧光免疫测定法（瑞典乌普萨拉的卡比制药公司）和传统的放射变应原吸附试验，检测血清中针对螨、猫、狗、蟑螂、俄罗斯蓟和草花粉的IgE抗体。对108户家庭的灰尘样本进行了过敏原检测，采用双位点分析法检测螨（Der p 1和Der f 1）、猫（Fel d 1）、狗（Can f 1）和蟑螂（Bla g 2）。
几乎所有有宠物的房屋中，狗和猫过敏原的浓度都有所升高，但在相当一部分没有宠物的房屋中也很高。95%的房屋中螨过敏原水平低于2微克/克，除两所房屋外，所有房屋中均未检测到蟑螂过敏原。在21名有症状的BHR儿童中，67%对狗有IgE抗体，62%对猫有IgE抗体。对于这些过敏原，IgE抗体与哮喘密切相关（p<0.001）。相比之下，对螨、蟑螂或草花粉的IgE抗体的存在与哮喘无显著关联。
这些儿童中对猫和狗过敏原的IgE抗体高患病率与大多数房屋中存在猫和/或狗过敏原一致。此外，对猫和狗过敏原的致敏（以IgE抗体判断）与哮喘密切相关。另一方面，在个体房屋中，致敏或症状与当前过敏原水平之间未发现明确关系。结果表明，在这个无螨和无蟑螂的环境中，对家畜的致敏是与哮喘最显著的关联。
