Jia Yuan-Yuan, Wu Hua-Jie, Luo Jian-Feng, Wu Cheng, Wang Xing-Zhi, Zhang Pan-Pan, Jing Zeng-Hui, Ding Ya-Nan, Li Na, Cui Jia-Xin, Li Qiu-Hong, Sun Xin
Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2021 Sep;52(5):832-838. doi: 10.12182/20210960508.
To study the distributional characteristics of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Shaanxi province.
A total of 4 622 children diagnosed with allergic diseases in the Asthma Center, Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital from March 2015 to February 2019 were selected. Serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) of 19 common kinds of allergens were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The children were divided into different groups according to sex, age and geographical regions, and the distributional characteristics of allergens of the different groups were compared.
The overall positive rate for the 19 allergens of the 4 622 children was 62.8%. The ranking of the positive rates for individual allergens from high to low were as follows: 24.2% for milk, 18.0% for mold mix, 16.7% for dog dander, 16.4% for house dust mite, 11.7% for cat dander, 10.7% for cashew, 10.6% for weed pollen, 8.8% for egg white, 7.8% for house dust, 7.7% for tree pollen, 5.6% for amaranth, 4.9% for mulberry tree, 3.6% for mango, 3.2% for beef, 2.8% for cockroach, 2.1% for crab, 1.5% for shrimp, 0.8% for pineapple, and 0.3% for shellfish. Analysis based on sex showed that the allergen positive rates in boys were higher than those in girls. Analysis by age difference showed that generally the positive rates for inhaled allergens increased along with the increase in patient age, while the positive rates for ingested allergens decreased along with the increase in patient age. Analysis by geographical regions showed that the positive rate of house dust mite in the patients from the southern part of Shaanxi, the positive rate of weed pollen in the patients from the northern part of Shaanxi and the positive rates of milk and egg white in the patients from the central part of Shaanxi were higher than those in other areas. The cluster analysis and correlation analysis showed that the 19 allergens could be roughly divided into 4 categories. There were moderate correlations among tree pollen, mulberry tree and amaranth. There were moderate correlations among mulberry tree, mango and amaranth. There was moderate correlation between shrimp and crab, and there were mild or weak correlations among most of the other allergens.
Among the 4 622 children with allergic diseases in Shaanxi Province who were treated in the Asthma Center, Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, male patients showed higher sensitivity to allergens. The positive rates of inhaled allergens increased, while the positive rates of ingested allergens decreased with increase in patient age. There were regional differences in the distribution of allergens. Some allergens were correlated with each other, which may be related to cross-reaction.
研究陕西省过敏性疾病患儿过敏原的分布特征。
选取2015年3月至2019年2月在西京医院儿科哮喘中心确诊为过敏性疾病的4622例患儿。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测19种常见过敏原的血清过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）。根据性别、年龄和地理区域将患儿分为不同组，比较不同组过敏原的分布特征。
4622例患儿19种过敏原的总体阳性率为62.8%。各过敏原阳性率由高到低依次为：牛奶24.2%、混合霉菌18.0%、狗毛屑16.7%、屋尘螨16.4%、猫毛屑11.7%、腰果10.7%、杂草花粉10.6%、蛋清8.8%、屋尘7.8%、树花粉7.7%、苋属植物5.6%、桑树4.9%、芒果3.6%、牛肉3.2%、蟑螂2.8%、螃蟹2.1%、虾1.5%、菠萝0.8%、贝类0.3%。基于性别的分析表明，男孩的过敏原阳性率高于女孩。按年龄差异分析表明，一般吸入性过敏原的阳性率随患者年龄的增加而升高，而摄入性过敏原的阳性率随患者年龄的增加而降低。按地理区域分析表明，陕西南部患者屋尘螨的阳性率、陕西北部患者杂草花粉的阳性率以及陕西中部患者牛奶和蛋清的阳性率均高于其他地区。聚类分析和相关性分析表明，19种过敏原可大致分为4类。树花粉、桑树和苋属植物之间存在中度相关性。桑树、芒果和苋属植物之间存在中度相关性。虾和蟹之间存在中度相关性，其他大多数过敏原之间存在轻度或弱相关性。
在西京医院儿科哮喘中心接受治疗的4622例陕西省过敏性疾病患儿中，男性患者对过敏原的敏感性较高。吸入性过敏原的阳性率随患者年龄增加而升高，摄入性过敏原的阳性率随患者年龄增加而降低。过敏原的分布存在区域差异。一些过敏原相互关联，这可能与交叉反应有关。
