Simkin P
Birth. 1995 Sep;22(3):161-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536x.1995.tb00693.x.
Many simple, effective, low-cost methods to relieve labor pain can be initiated by nurses, midwives, or physicians with the potential benefits of improved labor progress, reduction in use of riskier medications, patient satisfaction, and lower costs. These nonpharmacologic methods are categorized by the mechanisms through which they reduce pain or improve labor progress: diminishing the painful stimulus at the source; providing alternate stimuli to inhibit pain awareness; and reducing the woman's negative reaction to the pain. This is a review of numerous pain relief techniques and a guide for maternity caregivers.
护士、助产士或医生可以采用许多简单、有效、低成本的方法来减轻分娩疼痛，这些方法可能带来促进产程进展、减少使用风险更高的药物、提高患者满意度以及降低成本等潜在益处。这些非药物方法根据其减轻疼痛或促进产程进展的机制进行分类：从源头上减少疼痛刺激；提供替代刺激以抑制疼痛感知；以及减少女性对疼痛的负面反应。本文是对众多疼痛缓解技术的综述，也是给产科护理人员的指南。
