Miller P M, Surtees P G
Alcohol Research Group, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, GB.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;245(4-5):245-54. doi: 10.1007/BF02191804.
This paper presents further results from a study of married women in Edinburgh who had just suffered an adverse experience: either their husband's non-fatal myocardial infarction, their husband's death or their own arrival in a Women's Aid refuge for battered women. Interviews were carried out 4-6 weeks following the adverse experience and, where possible, again approximately 3 months later. Symptoms were assessed using the 30-item General Health Questionnaire and criterion-based measures of depression and anxiety derived from it. The extent and nature of crisis support from household members and from groups of people outside the household, and also of failures in expected support, was measured at first interview. A modified version of Tyrer and Alexander's (1979) personality schedule was administered at the follow-up interview, and the resulting personality data were then reduced to six factors using principal components analysis. An interviewer assessment of how well the subject was coping was made at both interviews. The vast majority of the sample received extensive practical and emotional support from family and friends, and perhaps because such positive support was so prevalent, variations in it seemed to have little effect on symptoms. However, subjects who were unexpectedly 'let down' or criticised by friends or family tended to show higher symptom levels, although, surprisingly, this was less true for the bereaved wives than for the others. The six personality factors that emerged were labelled nervousness (similar to neuroticism) impulsivity, social withdrawal, helplessness, inferiority and aggressiveness. There was evidence that subjects high on nervousness remained symptomatic longer following the adverse experience. The aggressiveness factor showed a curvilinear trend with high and low aggressives showing higher symptom levels than middle aggressives. However, for the coronary wives the trend was linear with low aggressives having high symptoms. Subjects low on impulsivity were more affected by being 'let down' by friends and family. The interviewer-assessed coping measure was linearly related to nervousness and showed a curvilinear relationship with aggressiveness.
本文展示了一项针对爱丁堡已婚女性的研究的进一步结果，这些女性刚刚经历了不良事件：要么是丈夫的非致命性心肌梗死、丈夫的死亡，要么是自己住进了受虐妇女援助避难所。在不良事件发生后的4至6周进行访谈，并在可能的情况下，大约3个月后再次访谈。使用包含30个条目的一般健康问卷以及从中衍生出的基于标准的抑郁和焦虑测量方法对症状进行评估。在首次访谈中测量了来自家庭成员和家庭外人群的危机支持的程度和性质，以及预期支持的缺失情况。在随访访谈中采用了泰勒和亚历山大（1979年）人格量表的修订版，然后使用主成分分析将所得的人格数据缩减为六个因素。在两次访谈中，访谈者都对受试者的应对情况进行了评估。绝大多数样本从家人和朋友那里得到了广泛的实际支持和情感支持，也许是因为这种积极支持非常普遍，其变化似乎对症状影响不大。然而，那些意外被朋友或家人“辜负”或批评的受试者往往表现出更高的症状水平，不过，令人惊讶的是，丧亲的妻子比其他受试者情况更不如此。出现的六个人格因素被标记为神经质（类似于神经质）、冲动性、社交退缩、无助感、自卑感和攻击性。有证据表明，神经质得分高的受试者在不良事件后症状持续时间更长。攻击性因素呈现出曲线趋势，高攻击性和低攻击性的受试者比中等攻击性的受试者表现出更高的症状水平。然而，对于患冠心病丈夫的妻子来说，趋势是线性的，低攻击性的妻子症状严重。冲动性得分低的受试者更容易受到朋友和家人“辜负”的影响。访谈者评估的应对措施与神经质呈线性相关，与攻击性呈曲线关系。
