Babich H, Wurzburger B J, Rubin Y L, Sinensky M C, Blau L
Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, USA.
Cell Biol Toxicol. 1995 Apr;11(2):79-88. doi: 10.1007/BF00767493.
Chlorhexidine digluconate is the active ingredient in mouthrinses used to prevent dental plaque and gingivitis. The in vitro cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine was evaluated with the Smulow-Glickman (S-G) gingival epithelial cell line. The potency of chlorhexidine was dependent on the length of exposure and composition of the exposure medium. The midpoint cytotoxicity values for 1-, 24-, and 72-h exposures were 0.106, 0.011, and 0.0045 mmol/L, respectively. S-G cells exposed for 2 h to chlorhexidine and then maintained for 48 h in chlorhexidine-free medium were unable to recover from the initial insult. The adverse effects of chlorhexidine on the plasma membrane were suggested by the leakage of lactic acid dehydrogenase from chlorhexidine-treated S-G cells and by the increased permeability of chlorhexidine-treated liposomes to Ca2+. The toxicity of a 24-h exposure to chlorhexidine to the S-G cells was progressively lessened as the content of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the exposure medium was increased from 2% to 8%. The potency of a 1-h exposure to chlorhexidine was reduced in medium amended with albumin, lecithin, and heat-killed Escherichia coli. These reductions in toxicity were presumably due to the binding of the cationic chlorhexidine to the negatively charged chemical moieties of the components of FBS and of albumin and lecithin and of sites on the surfaces of bacteria. Combinations of chlorhexidine and carbamide peroxide were additive in their cytotoxicities.
葡萄糖酸洗必泰是用于预防牙菌斑和牙龈炎的漱口水的活性成分。用Smulow-Glickman（S-G）牙龈上皮细胞系评估了洗必泰的体外细胞毒性。洗必泰的效力取决于暴露时间的长短和暴露介质的组成。1小时、24小时和72小时暴露的半数细胞毒性值分别为0.106、0.011和0.0045 mmol/L。暴露于洗必泰2小时然后在无洗必泰培养基中维持48小时的S-G细胞无法从初始损伤中恢复。洗必泰处理的S-G细胞中乳酸脱氢酶的泄漏以及洗必泰处理的脂质体对Ca2+通透性的增加表明了洗必泰对质膜的不利影响。随着暴露介质中胎牛血清（FBS）的含量从2%增加到8%，洗必泰对S-G细胞24小时暴露的毒性逐渐降低。在用白蛋白、卵磷脂和热灭活大肠杆菌改良的培养基中，洗必泰1小时暴露的效力降低。这些毒性降低可能是由于阳离子洗必泰与FBS、白蛋白、卵磷脂的成分以及细菌表面位点的带负电荷化学基团结合所致。洗必泰和过氧化脲的组合在细胞毒性方面具有相加作用。
