Aldridge K E
Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, USA.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995 May-Jun;22(1-2):195-201. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(95)00051-b.
Staphylococcus aureus strains are well-established pathogens that may cause mild to serious life-threatening disease. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, also have a pathogenic role in humans and cause infections primarily associated with prosthetic devices and indwelling catheters, whereas Staphylococcus saprophyticus usually causes urinary tract infections. Cefotaxime is a "third-generation" cephalosporin that is stable to the staphylococcal beta-lactamases. In vitro studies over the last 15 years have shown that this parenteral cephalosporin has remained highly active (MIC90 ranges of < or = 2-8 micrograms/ml) against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci. Cefotaxime therapy of staphylococcal infections has resulted in clinical cure/improvement rates ranging from 78%-100% and bacteriologic eradication rates ranging from 85%-100% in a wide variety of infections. Contrary to contemporary dogma, this "third-generation" cephalosporin appears to be efficacious against staphylococcal infections from a review of 15 years of clinical experience.
金黄色葡萄球菌菌株是公认的病原体，可引起从轻度到严重的危及生命的疾病。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌，尤其是表皮葡萄球菌，在人类中也具有致病作用，主要引起与假体装置和留置导管相关的感染，而腐生葡萄球菌通常引起尿路感染。头孢噻肟是一种对葡萄球菌β-内酰胺酶稳定的“第三代”头孢菌素。过去15年的体外研究表明，这种肠胃外头孢菌素对苯唑西林敏感的葡萄球菌仍保持高度活性（MIC90范围为≤2-8微克/毫升）。在各种感染中，头孢噻肟治疗葡萄球菌感染的临床治愈率/改善率为78%-100%，细菌清除率为85%-100%。与当代教条相反，从15年的临床经验回顾来看，这种“第三代”头孢菌素似乎对葡萄球菌感染有效。
