van Wijnen J H, Verhoeff A P, Jans H W, van Bruggen M
Municipal Health Service, Department of Environmental Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(3):187-93. doi: 10.1007/BF00626351.
Volunteers provided with personal air sampling (PAS) equipment covered concurrently, by car or bicycle, various selected routes. These comprised two inner city routes in Amsterdam (ICR 1 and 2) as well as a route including a tunnel on a busy highway (TR) and a rural route just south of Amsterdam (RR). A third inner city route, a busy narrow street, was subsequently also selected, and covered by bicycle or walking (ICR 3). Each run lasted about 1 h; the sampling time on the TR route was approximately 30 min. The sampling periods in January and May lasted 2 weeks with four sampling days per week. In August only ICR 3 was covered, this sampling period lasted 2 days. CO, NO2, benzene, toluene and xylenes were measured in the personal air samples. A monitoring vehicle covered the routes concurrently and measured CO, NO2 and pm10 (semi) continuously. Lead and PAH content in pm10 was determined. The ventilation of the volunteers was measured while they were using a car or a bicycle. The route and the type of transport influenced (P < 0.001) the concentrations of CO, benzene, toluene and xylenes. The daily average temperature was positively associated with the exposure of car drivers and cyclists to most compounds measured. A volunteer exhaled on average 2.3 times more air as a cyclist than as a car driver. Despite the much higher concentrations in the personal air samples of car drivers, the uptake of CO, benzene, toluene and xylenes of cyclists sometimes approached that of the car drivers. The uptake of NO2 of cyclists was clearly higher than that of car drivers.
志愿者配备个人空气采样（PAS）设备，同时乘车或骑自行车沿着各种选定路线出行。这些路线包括阿姆斯特丹市内的两条路线（ICR 1和2）、一条包含繁忙高速公路上一条隧道的路线（TR）以及阿姆斯特丹以南的一条乡村路线（RR）。随后还选定了市内的第三条路线，一条繁忙的狭窄街道，通过骑自行车或步行覆盖（ICR 3）。每次行程持续约1小时；TR路线的采样时间约为30分钟。1月和5月的采样期持续2周，每周有4个采样日。8月仅覆盖ICR 3，该采样期持续2天。在个人空气样本中测量了一氧化碳、二氧化氮、苯、甲苯和二甲苯。一辆监测车辆同时沿着这些路线行驶，并（半）连续测量一氧化碳、二氧化氮和pm10。测定了pm10中的铅和多环芳烃含量。在志愿者使用汽车或自行车时测量其通风情况。路线和交通方式对一氧化碳、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度有影响（P < 0.001）。日均温度与汽车司机和骑自行车者接触的大多数测量化合物的暴露呈正相关。作为骑自行车者，志愿者平均呼出的空气量是作为汽车司机时的2.3倍。尽管汽车司机个人空气样本中的浓度要高得多，但骑自行车者对一氧化碳、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的摄入量有时接近汽车司机。骑自行车者对二氧化氮的摄入量明显高于汽车司机。
