A variety of conditions that result in the elevation of body temperature are described and discussed. These hyperthermias are divided into four categories; fever, exercise hyperthermia, hyperthermias due to inadequate means of heat dissipation, and hyperthermias resulting from pathological or pharmacological impairments of thermoregulatory mechanisms. A comparison of the physical and physiological characteristics of these hyperthermias is presented and distinctions are drawn on the basis of these characteristics. Fever is shown to differ markedly from all other forms of hyperthermias. Specifically, the elevation in body temperature encountered during fever is a regulated rise that is defended by fully functional thermoregulatory mechanisms; the thermopreferendum is also elevated in fever, particularly at the onset or "chill phase"; and aspirin-like drugs can intervene in febrile hyperthermia and will return body temperature to its normal level. No other forms of hyperthermia possess these characteristics and thus only fever can be attributed to an upward displacement of the "set point" for body temperature regulation. Furthermore, in attempting to control rises in body temperature, it is apparent that aspirin is effective only in fever, while whole-body cooling is all but ineffective. In all other forms of hyperthermia, whole-body cooling is the only effective treatment.
本文描述并讨论了多种导致体温升高的情况。这些高热被分为四类：发热、运动性高热、散热不足引起的高热以及体温调节机制的病理或药理损伤导致的高热。本文对这些高热的物理和生理特征进行了比较，并基于这些特征进行了区分。结果表明，发热与所有其他形式的高热明显不同。具体而言，发热时体温升高是一种受调节的上升，由功能完全正常的体温调节机制维持；发热时热偏好也会升高，尤其是在开始或“寒战期”；阿司匹林类药物可以干预发热性高热，并使体温恢复到正常水平。其他形式的高热均不具备这些特征，因此只有发热可归因于体温调节“设定点”的上移。此外，在试图控制体温升高时，显然阿司匹林仅对发热有效，而全身冷却几乎无效。在所有其他形式的高热中，全身冷却是唯一有效的治疗方法。
