Washburn J O
Division of Entomology, ESPM, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1995 Jun;11(2 Pt 2):279-83.
Empirical studies have shown that populations of larval mosquitoes developing in ground pools are subjected to different mortality factors than populations developing in water-filled containers. In general, larvae in ground pools are limited by natural enemies whereas those in containers are limited by resource availability. Containers also are typically smaller than ground pools and lack appreciable internal primary productivity. These physical and biological features have significant implications for successful implementation of biological control agents. Island biogeography theory suggests that container habitats will support smaller populations of fewer species compared to ground pools, implying that it may be more difficult to establish natural enemies in container habitats. The lack of primary productivity within containers may limit the number of trophic levels and reduce the likelihood of establishing and maintaining predator populations. Most importantly, larval mosquito populations in containers are regulated by competitive interactions, and mortality from natural enemies is likely to be compensatory. These habitat and population characteristics, combined with difficulties in locating and treating containers, suggest that successful control of ground pool mosquitoes using biological control agents is more feasible.
实证研究表明，在地面水池中发育的幼虫蚊子种群与在充满水的容器中发育的种群面临不同的死亡因素。一般来说，地面水池中的幼虫受天敌限制，而容器中的幼虫受资源可用性限制。容器通常也比地面水池小，且缺乏可观的内部初级生产力。这些物理和生物特征对生物防治剂的成功应用具有重要意义。岛屿生物地理学理论表明，与地面水池相比，容器栖息地支持的物种数量较少且种群规模较小，这意味着在容器栖息地建立天敌可能更困难。容器内缺乏初级生产力可能会限制营养级数量，并降低建立和维持捕食者种群的可能性。最重要的是，容器中的幼虫蚊子种群受竞争相互作用调节，天敌造成的死亡可能具有补偿性。这些栖息地和种群特征，再加上定位和处理容器的困难，表明使用生物防治剂成功控制地面水池蚊子更可行。
