Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Microbiome. 2021 May 18;9(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01073-2.
Microbiome research has gained considerable interest due to the emerging evidence of its impact on human and animal health. As in other animals, the gut-associated microbiota of mosquitoes affect host fitness and other phenotypes. It is now well established that microbes can alter pathogen transmission in mosquitoes, either positively or negatively, and avenues are being explored to exploit microbes for vector control. However, less attention has been paid to how microbiota affect phenotypes that impact vectorial capacity. Several mosquito and pathogen components, such as vector density, biting rate, survival, vector competence, and the pathogen extrinsic incubation period all influence pathogen transmission. Recent studies also indicate that mosquito gut-associated microbes can impact each of these components, and therefore ultimately modulate vectorial capacity. Promisingly, this expands the options available to exploit microbes for vector control by also targeting parameters that affect vectorial capacity. However, there are still many knowledge gaps regarding mosquito-microbe interactions that need to be addressed in order to exploit them efficiently. Here, we review current evidence of impacts of the microbiome on aspects of vectorial capacity, and we highlight likely opportunities for novel vector control strategies and areas where further studies are required. Video abstract.
由于越来越多的证据表明微生物组对人类和动物健康有影响，微生物组研究引起了相当大的兴趣。与其他动物一样，蚊子的肠道相关微生物群会影响宿主的健康和其他表型。现在已经证实，微生物可以正向或负向改变蚊子传播病原体的能力，人们正在探索利用微生物来控制病媒。然而，人们对微生物如何影响影响媒介传播能力的表型关注较少。几个蚊子和病原体成分，如媒介密度、叮咬率、存活率、媒介效能和病原体外潜伏期，都会影响病原体的传播。最近的研究还表明，蚊子肠道相关的微生物群可以影响这些成分中的每一个，因此最终可以调节媒介传播能力。有希望的是，这通过针对影响媒介传播能力的参数，为利用微生物来控制病媒提供了更多的选择。然而，关于蚊子与微生物的相互作用，仍有许多知识空白需要解决，以便有效地加以利用。在这里，我们回顾了微生物组对媒介传播能力各个方面的影响的现有证据，并强调了可能的新的病媒控制策略的机会和需要进一步研究的领域。视频摘要。
