Lesser S H, Weiss S J
Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical School, New Orleans, USA.
Am J Emerg Med. 1995 Jul;13(4):451-8. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(95)90138-8.
The diseases associated with art forms range from trauma (vibration syndrome, flying objects, etc) and heat exposure, to heavy metal and solvent exposure. Specific substances such as ozone, cadmium, and molybdenum have unique diseases associated with them. Sadly, artists may not have the medical knowledge to know how to deal with or avoid hazards. They and their immediate families often may be at risk. Many artists are not educated in what protective gear to use and do not have the money to purchase the specialized equipment for their particular work, or they refuse to wear protective gear because they are uncomfortable in the conditions encountered in the workplace. Education is often required for the use of the protective gear (respiratory, eyewear, contact protection). To make matters worse, artists are poorly protected from toxins. Government regulations are not adequate to protect self-employed artists. Laws regulating children's exposure do not address long-term toxicity. Most artists with acute problems present to the ED first. An awareness of the occupational hazards to which self-employed artists are exposed will prevent the treating physician from overlooking important clues. When an artist presents with unusual symptoms, the physician must get a complete occupational history and must have the patient bring a list or samples of any substances to which he or she has been exposed. In essence, artists are a group of enthusiastic, hardworking people that can be protected by a keen awareness of these basic principles by the treating physician.
与艺术形式相关的疾病范围广泛，从创伤（振动综合征、飞行物体等）和热暴露，到重金属和溶剂暴露。特定物质，如臭氧、镉和钼，都有与之相关的独特疾病。遗憾的是，艺术家们可能缺乏应对或避免危害的医学知识。他们及其直系亲属往往可能处于危险之中。许多艺术家不了解该使用何种防护装备，也没有钱购买适合其特定工作的专业设备，或者因为在工作场所遇到的条件下穿着不舒服而拒绝佩戴防护装备。使用防护装备（呼吸防护、眼部防护、接触防护）通常需要接受相关教育。更糟糕的是，艺术家们在毒素防护方面做得很差。政府法规不足以保护个体经营的艺术家。规范儿童接触的法律并未涉及长期毒性问题。大多数有急性问题的艺术家首先会前往急诊科就诊。了解个体经营艺术家所面临的职业危害，将有助于治疗医生不忽略重要线索。当艺术家出现异常症状时，医生必须获取完整的职业病史，并让患者带来其所接触的任何物质的清单或样本。从本质上讲，艺术家是一群热情、勤劳的人，治疗医生若能敏锐地意识到这些基本原则，就能保护他们。
