Sanders T A
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, United Kingdom.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1995 Aug;42(4):955-65. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)40024-6.
Although the general health and development of vegan and vegetarian children seem to be normal, there may be subtle differences compared with omnivores. They are at increased risk of iron deficiency, and impaired psychomotor development associated with iron deficiency has been reported in macrobiotic infants. Fortunately, this impairment is not permanent, and follow-up studies have reported higher-than-average intelligence quotients among older macrobiotic children. Several other hazards of vegetarian diets have been identified, including vitamin B12 deficiency, rickets, and a bulky diet that can restrict energy intake in the first few years of life; however, these pitfalls can be avoided easily, and children can be successfully reared on vegetarian diets.
尽管纯素食和素食儿童的总体健康和发育似乎正常，但与杂食儿童相比可能存在细微差异。他们缺铁的风险增加，并且有报道称，遵循宏生物饮食的婴儿存在与缺铁相关的精神运动发育受损情况。幸运的是，这种损害并非永久性的，后续研究报告称，年龄较大的遵循宏生物饮食的儿童智商高于平均水平。已确定素食饮食的其他一些危害，包括维生素B12缺乏、佝偻病以及在生命最初几年可能限制能量摄入的高纤维饮食；然而，这些缺陷很容易避免，儿童可以通过素食饮食成功成长。
