Nothdurft H D, Jelinek T, Mai A, Sigl B, von Sonnenburg F, Löscher T
Abteilur für Infektions- und Tropenmedizin der Universität München, Germany.
Infection. 1995 Mar-Apr;23(2):85-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01833871.
Alveolar echinococcosis is considered to be the most dangerous endemic parasitic disease for man in Central Europe. In Germany, unlike the neighbouring countries of Switzerland, Austria and France, only limited data on the prevalence and incidence of echinococcosis are available. Therefore, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in order to investigate the epidemiology of echinococcosis in Bavaria, one of the two southern states of Germany. A standardised questionnaire was sent to all hospitals in Bavaria requesting information about patients seen from 1985 to 1989. In a second step a team of reviewers was sent to all relevant hospitals for active case finding in hospital statistics and medical records. A total of 216 patients with echinococcosis were detected of whom 58 had alveolar echinococcosis. According to these data, the prevalence in Bavaria was calculated to be 0.5 per 100,000 inhabitants with peak values in the counties of Swabia (2.4) and Upper Bavaria (0.6). The annual mean incidence of newly diagnosed cases amounted to 0.03 per 100,000. The distribution of prevalence in man was closely correlated to the infection rates in foxes throughout Bavaria (p < 0.05). Farmers are the occupational group with the highest risk to acquire echinococcosis with a prevalence/odds ratio of 14.6 for Swabia and 8.8 for Upper Bavaria, when compared to the general rural population.
肺泡型包虫病被认为是中欧对人类最危险的地方性寄生虫病。在德国，与邻国瑞士、奥地利和法国不同，关于包虫病患病率和发病率的数据有限。因此，开展了一项回顾性横断面研究，以调查德国南部两个州之一巴伐利亚州的包虫病流行病学情况。向巴伐利亚州的所有医院发送了一份标准化问卷，要求提供1985年至1989年期间所见患者的信息。第二步，派遣一组审查人员前往所有相关医院，在医院统计数据和病历中进行主动病例查找。共检测到216例包虫病患者，其中58例为肺泡型包虫病。根据这些数据，计算出巴伐利亚州的患病率为每10万居民中有0.5例，施瓦本（2.4）和上巴伐利亚（0.6）等县的患病率最高。新诊断病例的年平均发病率为每10万居民中有0.03例。人类患病率的分布与巴伐利亚州全境狐狸的感染率密切相关（p<0.05）。与一般农村人口相比，农民是感染包虫病风险最高的职业群体，施瓦本的患病率/优势比为14.6，上巴伐利亚为8.8。
