Malina R M, Beunen G P, Classens A L, Lefevre J, Vanden Eynde B V, Renson R, Vanreusel B, Simons J
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Obes Res. 1995 May;3(3):221-31. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00142.x.
A two-fold approach was used to investigate the association between fatness and fitness of girls 7 to 17 years of age: first, age-specific correlations between fatness and measures of health-related and motor fitness, and second, comparisons of fitness levels of girls classified as fat and lean. A representative sample of 6700 between 7 to 17 years was surveyed. Adiposity (fatness) was estimated as the sum of five skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, medial calf). Physical fitness included health-related items (step test, PWC170, the sit and reach, sit-ups and leg lifts, flexed arm hang) and motor performance items (standing long jump, vertical jump, arm pull strength, flamingo stand, shuttle run, plate tapping). Age-specific partial correlations between fatness and each fitness item, controlling for stature and weight, were calculated. In addition, in each age group the fattest 5% (presumably the obese) and the leanest 5% were compared on each fitness test. After controlling for stature and weight, subcutaneous fatness accounts for variable percentages of the variance in each fitness item. Estimates for health-related fitness items are: cardiorespiratory endurance-step test (3% to 5%) and PWC170 (0% to 16%), flexibility-sit and reach (3% to 8%), functional strength-flexed arm hand (6% to 17%) and abdominal strength-sit-ups/leg lifts (1% to 8%). Corresponding estimates for motor fitness items are more variable: speed of limb movement-plate tapping (0% to 3%), balance-flamingo stand (0% to 5%), speed and agility-shuttle run (2% to 12%), static strength-arm pull (4% to 12%), explosive strength-standing long jump/vertical jump (11% to 18%). At the extremes, the fattest girls have generally poorer levels of health-related and motor fitness.
采用了一种双重方法来研究7至17岁女孩肥胖与健康状况之间的关联：第一，肥胖与健康相关及运动健康指标之间的年龄特异性相关性；第二，对分为肥胖和消瘦的女孩的健康水平进行比较。对6700名7至17岁的代表性样本进行了调查。肥胖程度通过测量五个皮褶厚度（肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂嵴上、小腿内侧）之和来估算。身体健康状况包括与健康相关的项目（台阶试验、PWC170、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐和抬腿、屈臂悬垂）以及运动表现项目（立定跳远、纵跳、引体向上力量、单脚站立、穿梭跑、拍板）。计算了在控制身高和体重的情况下，肥胖与每个健康指标之间的年龄特异性偏相关性。此外，在每个年龄组中，对最胖的5%（可能为肥胖者）和最瘦的5%的女孩在每项健康测试中的表现进行了比较。在控制身高和体重后，皮下脂肪在每个健康指标的方差中占不同比例。与健康相关的健康指标的估计值为：心肺耐力——台阶试验（3%至5%）和PWC170（0%至16%），柔韧性——坐位体前屈（3%至8%），功能性力量——屈臂悬垂（6%至17%），腹部力量——仰卧起坐/抬腿（1%至8%）。运动健康指标的相应估计值变化更大：肢体运动速度——拍板（0%至3%），平衡——单脚站立（0%至5%），速度和敏捷性——穿梭跑（2%至12%），静态力量——引体向上（4%至12%），爆发力——立定跳远/纵跳（11%至18%）。在极端情况下，最胖的女孩通常在与健康相关的健康状况和运动健康方面水平较差。
