安全生物技术。第6部分。生物技术中使用的微生物对人类健康的安全性评估。

Safe biotechnology. Part 6. Safety assessment, in respect of human health, of microorganisms used in biotechnology.

作者信息

Lelieveld H L, Bachmayer H, Boon B, Brunius G, Bürki K, Chmiel A, Collins C H, Crooy P, Doblhoff-Dier O, Economidis I

机构信息

Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Jul;43(3):389-93. doi: 10.1007/BF00218438.

DOI:10.1007/BF00218438

PMID:7632395

Abstract

The assessment of microorganisms in respect to human health is an important step for the introduction of new natural and genetically modified production strains to biotechnology. This report outlines the potential hazards posed by industrial microorganisms, important considerations related to pathogenicity, such as routes and portals of entry into the human body, mechanisms of spread of biological material and a definition of pathogenicity. Furthermore the most important steps in the assessment of pathogenicity of unknown strains are described. A short overview on characterization and in vitro and in vivo tests is presented. The hazard related to allergens and toxic metabolites is reviewed and the choice of methods and the handling of strains with unknown potential are discussed.

摘要

就人类健康而言，评估微生物是将新的天然和转基因生产菌株引入生物技术领域的重要一步。本报告概述了工业微生物带来的潜在危害、与致病性相关的重要考量因素，如进入人体的途径和入口、生物材料的传播机制以及致病性的定义。此外，还描述了评估未知菌株致病性的最重要步骤。简要介绍了表征以及体外和体内试验。综述了与过敏原和有毒代谢产物相关的危害，并讨论了方法的选择以及对具有未知潜在危害菌株的处理。