Eastman C I, Boulos Z, Terman M, Campbell S S, Dijk D J, Lewy A J
Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
J Biol Rhythms. 1995 Jun;10(2):157-64. doi: 10.1177/074873049501000208.
The unhealthy symptoms and many deleterious consequences of shift work can be explained by a mismatch between the work-sleep schedule and the internal circadian rhythms. This mismatch occurs because the 24-h zeitgebers, such as the natural light-dark cycle, keep the circadian rhythms from phase shifting to align with the night-work, day-sleep schedule. This is a review of studies in which the sleep schedule is shifted several hours, as in shift work, and bright light is used to try to phase shift circadian rhythms. Phase shifts can be produced in laboratory studies, when subjects are kept indoors, and faster phase shifting occurs with appropriately timed bright light than with ordinary indoor (dim) light. Bright light field studies, in which subjects live at home, show that the use of artificial nocturnal bright light combined with enforced daytime dark (sleep) periods can phase shift circadian rhythms despite exposure to the conflicting 24-h zeitgebers. So far, the only studies on the use of bright light for real shift workers have been conducted at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In general, the bright light studies support the idea that the control of light and dark can be used to overcome many of the problems of shift work. However, despite ongoing practical applications (such as at NASA), much basic research is still needed.
轮班工作的不健康症状和许多有害后果可以用工作-睡眠时间表与内在昼夜节律之间的不匹配来解释。这种不匹配的发生是因为24小时的时间线索，如自然光暗周期，使昼夜节律无法进行相位调整以适应夜间工作、白天睡眠的时间表。这是一篇对相关研究的综述，在这些研究中，睡眠时间表像在轮班工作中那样被提前或推迟几个小时，并且使用强光来尝试使昼夜节律发生相位调整。在实验室研究中，当受试者被置于室内时，可以产生相位调整，并且与普通室内（昏暗）光相比，在适当时间的强光照射下会发生更快的相位调整。在受试者居家的强光现场研究表明，尽管暴露于相互冲突的24小时时间线索中，但使用人工夜间强光并强制白天处于黑暗（睡眠）时段可以使昼夜节律发生相位调整。到目前为止，关于真正的轮班工人使用强光的唯一研究是在美国国家航空航天局（NASA）进行的。总体而言，强光研究支持这样一种观点，即对光和暗的控制可用于克服轮班工作的许多问题。然而，尽管目前有实际应用（如在NASA），但仍需要大量的基础研究。
