Purcell W M, Atterwill C K
CellTox Centre, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K.
Neurochem Res. 1995 May;20(5):521-32. doi: 10.1007/BF01694534.
Mast cells are located in close proximity to neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems, suggesting a functional role in normal and aberrant neurodegenerative states. They also possess many of the features of neurons, in terms of monoaminergic systems, responsiveness to neurotrophins and neuropeptides and the ability to synthesise and release bioactive neurotrophic factors. Mast cells are able to secrete an array of potent mediators which may orchestrate neuroinflammation and affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. The 'cross-talk' between mast cells, lymphocytes, neurons and glia constitutes a neuroimmune axis which is implicated in a range of neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory and/or autoimmune component, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Mast cells appear to make an important contribution to developing, mature and degenerating nervous systems and this should now be recognised when assessing the neurotoxic potential of xenobiotics.
肥大细胞位于外周和中枢神经系统中与神经元紧邻的位置，这表明其在正常和异常神经退行性状态中发挥功能作用。就单胺能系统、对神经营养因子和神经肽的反应性以及合成和释放生物活性神经营养因子的能力而言，它们还具备许多神经元的特征。肥大细胞能够分泌一系列强效介质，这些介质可能协调神经炎症并影响血脑屏障的完整性。肥大细胞、淋巴细胞、神经元和神经胶质细胞之间的“相互作用”构成了一个神经免疫轴，该轴与一系列具有炎症和/或自身免疫成分的神经退行性疾病有关，如多发性硬化症和阿尔茨海默病。肥大细胞似乎对发育中的、成熟的和退化的神经系统做出了重要贡献，在评估外源性物质的神经毒性潜力时，现在应该认识到这一点。
