Wells-Parker E, Bangert-Drowns R, McMillen R, Williams M
Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762-5287, USA.
Addiction. 1995 Jul;90(7):907-26. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.9079074.x.
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of remediation with drinking/driving offenders included 215 independent evaluations identified through a comprehensive literature search. Study characteristics, including dimensions of methodological quality were coded using scales and protocols developed by expert panels. Better methodological quality (as indicated by group equivalence) was associated with smaller effect size and less variation in effect size. Among studies with adequate methods (as determined empirically through examination of effect size variation with quality), the average effect of remediation on drinking/driving recidivism was an 8-9% reduction over no remediation. A similar effect size was found for alcohol involved crashes. However, licensing actions tended to be associated with reduction in occurrence of non-alcohol events (e.g. non-alcohol crashes). Exploratory regression analysis and confirmatory within study analysis suggested that combinations of modalities--in particular those including education, psychotherapy/counseling and follow-up contact/probation--were more effective than other evaluated modes for reducing drinking/driving recidivism. Treatment effects are probably underestimated in the literature due to overemphasis on education as a treatment for all offenders and drinking/driving recidivism as the most frequent measure of outcome. Limitations of the primary literature and future research needs are discussed.
一项关于酒驾违法者矫正效果的荟萃分析纳入了通过全面文献检索确定的215项独立评估。研究特征，包括方法学质量维度，使用专家小组制定的量表和方案进行编码。更好的方法学质量（以组间等效性表示）与较小的效应量和效应量的较小变异相关。在方法充分的研究中（通过检查效应量随质量的变化以经验方式确定），矫正对酒驾再犯的平均效果是相较于未矫正减少8%至9%。在涉及酒精的撞车事故中也发现了类似的效应量。然而，执照相关行动往往与非酒精事件（如非酒精撞车事故）发生率的降低相关。探索性回归分析和研究内验证性分析表明，多种方式的组合——特别是那些包括教育、心理治疗/咨询以及后续接触/缓刑的方式——在减少酒驾再犯方面比其他评估方式更有效。由于在文献中过度强调将教育作为所有违法者的治疗方法，以及将酒驾再犯作为最常见的结果衡量指标，治疗效果可能被低估。本文讨论了原始文献的局限性以及未来的研究需求。
