Schwartz B L, Rosse R B, Deutsch S I
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, Washington, DC 20422.
Mem Cognit. 1993 Jan;21(1):63-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03211165.
In three experiments, we examined the performance of patients with schizophrenia on implicit and explicit memory tests that have been shown to involve predominantly data-driven or predominantly conceptually driven processes. In Experiment 1, we compared the implicit tests of category production (conceptually driven) and word identification (data driven) and found that schizophrenic patients' performance on these tests did not differ from that of normal subjects. In Experiment 2, a comparison of the category-production and explicit cued-recall tests, both of which involve conceptual processes, showed that schizophrenic patients were impaired on the cued-recall test but not on the category-production test. In Experiment 3, a comparison of the word-identification and explicit graphemic cued-recall tests, both of which involve data-driven processes, showed that patients were impaired on the cued-recall test but not on the word-identification test. The results of both Experiments 2 and 3 revealed a dissociation between implicit and explicit test performance under conditions in which the two tests involve similar types of processes. These results support theoretical views that distinguish implicit from explicit modes of retrieval.
在三项实验中，我们检验了精神分裂症患者在隐性和显性记忆测试中的表现，这些测试已被证明主要涉及数据驱动或概念驱动的过程。在实验1中，我们比较了类别生成（概念驱动）和单词识别（数据驱动）的隐性测试，发现精神分裂症患者在这些测试中的表现与正常受试者没有差异。在实验2中，对类别生成和显性线索回忆测试进行比较，这两种测试都涉及概念过程，结果显示精神分裂症患者在线索回忆测试中表现受损，但在类别生成测试中未受损。在实验3中，对单词识别和显性字素线索回忆测试进行比较，这两种测试都涉及数据驱动过程，结果显示患者在线索回忆测试中表现受损，但在单词识别测试中未受损。实验2和实验3的结果都表明，在两种测试涉及相似类型过程的条件下，隐性和显性测试表现之间存在分离。这些结果支持了区分隐性和显性检索模式的理论观点。
