Everett S L, Kowalski R P, Karenchak L M, Landsittel D, Day R, Gordon Y J
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cornea. 1995 Jul;14(4):382-7. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199507000-00006.
This retrospective study compared new and established topical antibiotics with regard to the in vitro susceptibility of bacterial isolates recovered from patients with conjunctivitis (n = 385) and blepharitis (n = 173) using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards-approved disk diffusion method. The percent susceptibility of recovered isolates to single antibiotic agents or combinations were ranked from greatest to least: chloramphenicol, bacitracin/polymyxin B, ofloxacin, sulfa, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/polymyxin B, norfloxacin, gentamicin, bacitracin, trimethoprim, tobramycin, neomycin, erythromycin, and polymyxin B. We determined that none of the available topical antibiotics provided 100% broad spectrum coverage in vitro. Established antibiotics often provided coverage comparable to the newer drugs. Due to the unproven value of in vitro testing as a predictor of clinical outcome in bacterial blepharitis and conjunctivitis, the ophthalmologist should choose therapy based on clinical experience, ongoing critical evaluation of available antibiotics, and cost-effectiveness.
这项回顾性研究使用美国国家临床实验室标准委员会批准的纸片扩散法，比较了新型和已有的局部用抗生素对从结膜炎患者（n = 385）和睑缘炎患者（n = 173）中分离出的细菌菌株的体外敏感性。回收菌株对单一抗生素或联合抗生素的敏感百分比从高到低依次为：氯霉素、杆菌肽/多粘菌素B、氧氟沙星、磺胺类、环丙沙星、甲氧苄啶/多粘菌素B、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、杆菌肽、甲氧苄啶、妥布霉素、新霉素、红霉素和多粘菌素B。我们确定，现有的局部用抗生素在体外均不能提供100%的广谱覆盖。已有的抗生素通常能提供与新药相当的覆盖范围。由于体外试验作为细菌性睑缘炎和结膜炎临床结果预测指标的价值尚未得到证实，眼科医生应根据临床经验、对现有抗生素的持续严格评估以及成本效益来选择治疗方法。
