Christian J C, Reed T, Carmelli D, Page W F, Norton J A, Breitner J C
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5251, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Jul;56(4):414-6. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.414.
To determine the relationship between long-term alcohol intake and cognitive functioning in aging Caucasian men.
A retrospective cohort and co-twin-control study of self-reported alcohol intake and cognitive testing using the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Panel of U.S. veterans (born between 1917 and 1927). The study included 4,739 twins with two self-reported drinking histories (1970s and 1980s) and a telephone mental status interview (1990 and 1991) that also included 145 individuals with a diagnosis of alcoholism.
Age and education adjusted cognitive scores were lower (p < .05) in diagnosed alcoholics than in the remainder of the subjects. To compare age and education adjusted cognitive scores in alcohol intake, the 4,739 twins were divided, based upon questionnaire data, into nondrinkers and 5 quintiles of drinkers by average reported drinks of alcohol weekly (< 1.0, 1-3.3, 3.4-8.1, 8.2-16.0, > 16.0). Past drinkers had scores lower (p < .05) than nondrinkers and all but quintiles 1 and 5 of the drinkers. The light drinkers in quintile 1 and the heavy drinkers in quintile 5 scored lower (p < .05) than the moderate drinkers in quintile 4. Monozygotic twins in quintile 4 scored higher (p < .05) than their co-twins in quintiles 1-3.
No evidence was found to indicate an association between moderate long-term alcohol intake and lower cognitive scores in aging individuals. There was a suggestion of a small protective effect of past moderate alcohol intake on cognitive function with aging.
确定长期饮酒与老年白人男性认知功能之间的关系。
对美国退伍军人（出生于1917年至1927年之间）的自我报告饮酒情况和认知测试进行回顾性队列研究及同卵双胞胎对照研究，该研究使用了美国国家科学院 - 国家研究委员会（NAS - NRC）双胞胎小组。该研究纳入了4739对双胞胎，他们有两份自我报告的饮酒史（20世纪70年代和80年代）以及一次电话精神状态访谈（1990年和1991年），其中还包括145名被诊断为酒精中毒的个体。
经年龄和教育程度调整后的认知得分，诊断为酒精中毒者低于其余受试者（p < 0.05）。为比较饮酒量与经年龄和教育程度调整后的认知得分，根据问卷数据，将4739对双胞胎分为不饮酒者和按每周平均报告饮酒量划分的5个饮酒量五分位数组（<1.0、1 - 3.3、3.4 - 8.1、8.2 - 16.0、>16.0）。既往饮酒者得分低于不饮酒者以及除第1和第5五分位数组之外的所有饮酒者组。第1五分位数组的轻度饮酒者和第5五分位数组的重度饮酒者得分低于第4五分位数组的中度饮酒者（p < 0.05）。第4五分位数组的同卵双胞胎得分高于第1 - 3五分位数组的双胞胎（p < 0.05）。
未发现有证据表明长期适度饮酒与老年人认知得分降低之间存在关联。有迹象表明既往适度饮酒对老年人认知功能有轻微保护作用。
