Niklasson B, Hornfeldt B, Lundkvist A, Bjorsten S, Leduc J
Department of Defense Microbiology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Aug;53(2):134-40. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.134.
Puumala (PUU) virus is the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE) in humans. This disease is highly endemic in Vasterbotten county, Sweden, with an annual incidence of 19.2 (range 3.7-37.4) per 100,000 inhabitants. Voles are considered to be both the main reservoir and the vector of PUU virus. A total of 3,591 rodents (mainly Clethrionomys glareolus, C. rufocanus, and Microtus agrestis) trapped in Vasterbotten between 1979 and 1987 were tested for the presence of PUU virus antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The predominant species, C. glareolus (71% [2,544 of 3,591]), also had the highest antibody prevalence (19% [483 of 2,544]). In C. glareolus, the antibody prevalence rate increased with weight (age), reaching more than 50% in the heaviest weight group, and suggesting that horizontal infection may be important. The highest frequency (25%) of antibody-positive C. rufocanus was also found in the highest weight groups. Microtus agrestis showed low absolute numbers and a low antibody prevalence rate (5%). In C. glareolus, both antibody prevalence and weight were recurrently higher in the spring than in the previous fall. The antibody prevalence rate in spring was positively correlated with the vole density in the previous fall and spring. The fall antibody prevalence rate was directly dependent on C. glareolus density. The incidence of human NE in the fall was dependent on the concurrent density of C. glareolus, whereas the incidence of NE in the spring was dependent on vole density the previous fall.
普马拉（PUU）病毒是人类流行性肾病（NE）的病原体。这种疾病在瑞典韦斯特博滕省高度流行，年发病率为每10万居民19.2例（范围为3.7 - 37.4例）。田鼠被认为是PUU病毒的主要宿主和传播媒介。1979年至1987年间在韦斯特博滕捕获的3591只啮齿动物（主要是棕背䶄、红背䶄和草原田鼠）通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测了PUU病毒抗体的存在。优势物种棕背䶄（占3591只中的71%[2544只]）的抗体流行率也最高（19%[2544只中的483只]）。在棕背䶄中，抗体流行率随体重（年龄）增加，在最重的体重组中达到50%以上，这表明水平感染可能很重要。在体重最高的组中也发现红背䶄抗体阳性的频率最高（25%）。草原田鼠的绝对数量较少且抗体流行率较低（5%）。在棕背䶄中，春季的抗体流行率和体重反复高于前一年秋季。春季的抗体流行率与前一年秋季和春季的田鼠密度呈正相关。秋季的抗体流行率直接取决于棕背䶄的密度。秋季人类NE的发病率取决于同时期棕背䶄的密度，而春季NE的发病率取决于前一年秋季的田鼠密度。
