Dodinot B, Godenir J P, Costa A B
Centre Hospitalier University de Nancy, France.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993 Jan;16(1 Pt 1):46-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01534.x.
In order to evaluate if antitheft devices commonly designed as electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems can be dangerous for pacemaker patients, in vitro and in vivo studies were made in close cooperation between a pacemaker center and an EAS designer. Three types of EAS radiation including radiofrequency, magnetic, and pulsed electromagnetic fields were applied to various pacemakers. The in vitro study consisted of exposing to the EAS fields 28 pacemakers connected to unipolar leads. Radiofrequency fields and pulsed electromagnetic fields evoked minor effects and no prolonged inhibitions. When exposed to magnetic fields, most of the pacemakers switched to "fixed rate" pacing, but inhibitions were observed in 13 pacemakers exposed to 300 Hz, and in 14 pacemakers exposed to a 10-kHz magnetic field when they were moved at cardiac frequencies within the fields. The in vivo study was made on 32 volunteers treated by 26 different pacemakers: 22 single chamber and ten dual chamber. All patients had been monitored in the pacemaker clinic and pacemakers were working well. Radiofrequency and pulsed electromagnetic fields did not affect the pacemaker function. Magnetic interference evoked prolonged inhibition of seven out of the ten dual chamber pacemakers, causing brief asystole in patients being continually paced. None of the dual chamber pacemakers incorporated "safety stimulation intervals" after ventricular blanking. The EAS artifact was sensed after the ventricular blanking causing a cross-talk ECG pattern. No reprogramming was induced by the electromagnetic fields. This experience demonstrates that certain EAS may be dangerous for pacemaker patients. Following this cooperative study a pacemaker safe EAS circuit delivering short bursts of magnetic fields has been designed.
为了评估通常设计为电子商品防盗（EAS）系统的防盗设备是否会对起搏器患者构成危险，起搏器中心与EAS设备制造商密切合作进行了体外和体内研究。三种类型的EAS辐射，包括射频、磁场和脉冲电磁场，被应用于各种起搏器。体外研究包括将28个连接单极导联的起搏器暴露于EAS场中。射频场和脉冲电磁场产生的影响较小，且没有长时间的抑制作用。当暴露于磁场中时，大多数起搏器切换到“固定频率”起搏，但在暴露于300Hz磁场的13个起搏器以及暴露于10kHz磁场且在磁场中心脏频率移动时的14个起搏器中观察到了抑制现象。体内研究是在32名接受26种不同起搏器治疗的志愿者身上进行的：22个单腔起搏器和10个双腔起搏器。所有患者在起搏器诊所均接受过监测，起搏器工作正常。射频和脉冲电磁场未影响起搏器功能。磁干扰导致10个双腔起搏器中的7个出现长时间抑制，使持续起搏的患者出现短暂心脏停搏。没有一个双腔起搏器在心室消隐后纳入“安全刺激间隔”。在心室消隐后检测到EAS伪影，导致心电图出现串扰模式。电磁场未引起重新编程。这项研究表明，某些EAS可能对起搏器患者构成危险。在这项合作研究之后，设计了一种安全的EAS电路，该电路可提供短脉冲磁场。
