Sriman Narayanan, Prabhakar V, Bhuvaneswaran J S, Subha N
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, India.
Department of Cardiology, P.S. Govindasamy Naidu Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Conserv Dent. 2015 Jan-Feb;18(1):15-9. doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.148868.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three electronic apex locators (EAL), electric pulp tester (EPT) and diathermy on pacemaker function in vitro.
Three EALs: Root ZX (J. Morita Co., Tustin, CA, U.S.A.), Propex (Dentsply), Mini Apex locator (SybronEndo, Anaheim, CA, USA), EPT (Parkell pulp vitality tester Farmingdale, NY, USA) and Diathermy (Neomed 250 B) were tested for any interference with one pacemaker (A medtronic kappa KVDD901-serial number: PLE734632S). Directly connecting the pacemaker lead with the EAL/EPT/diathermy operating on a flat bench top, the telemetry wand was held directly over the pacemaker to monitor the pacing pattern for a period of 30 s. Pacemaker activity was continuously recorded on the telemetric programmer and electro gram (EGM) readings examined for pacer inhibition, noise reversion or inappropriate pacemaker pulses.
All the three apex locators showed no pacing interference or background noise during its function or at rest. The EGM readings of EPT showed varying levels of background noise in between pacing however, this did not affect the normal pacing pattern and the pacing interval remained constant. EGM readings of diathermy showed an increase in the pacing interval (irregular pacing pattern) followed by complete inhibition of the pacing system.
The tested EALs do not interfere with cardiac pacemaker function. The tested EPT showed varying levels of background noise but does not interfere with cardiac pacemaker function. Use of Diathermy interfered with the normal pacing, leading to complete inhibition of the pacing system.
本研究旨在评估三种电子根尖定位仪（EAL）、牙髓电活力测试仪（EPT）和透热疗法对体外起搏器功能的影响。
对三种EAL：Root ZX（日本森田公司，美国加利福尼亚州图斯廷）、Propex（登士柏公司）、Mini Apex定位仪（美国加利福尼亚州阿纳海姆SybronEndo公司）、EPT（美国纽约法明代尔Parkell牙髓活力测试仪）和透热疗法（Neomed 250 B）进行测试，观察其对一台起搏器（美敦力kappa KVDD901 - 序列号：PLE734632S）的干扰情况。将起搏器导线直接连接到在水平台面上操作的EAL/EPT/透热疗法设备上，遥测棒直接置于起搏器上方，监测起搏模式30秒。起搏器活动在遥测编程器上持续记录，并检查心电图（EGM）读数，以确定是否存在起搏器抑制、噪声反转或不适当的起搏器脉冲。
所有三种根尖定位仪在工作或静止时均未显示起搏干扰或背景噪声。然而，EPT的EGM读数在起搏期间显示出不同程度的背景噪声，但这并未影响正常的起搏模式，起搏间期保持恒定。透热疗法的EGM读数显示起搏间期增加（起搏模式不规则），随后起搏系统完全抑制。
所测试的EAL不会干扰心脏起搏器功能。所测试的EPT显示出不同程度的背景噪声，但不干扰心脏起搏器功能。透热疗法的使用干扰了正常起搏，导致起搏系统完全抑制。
