A physically anchored linkage map of pig chromosome 1 uncovers sex- and position-specific recombination rates.

A linkage map of pig chromosome 1 (SSC1) has been constructed using 15 polymorphic markers. Eleven markers constitute PCR-based microsatellites (three associated with coding sequences), six markers have also been mapped by in situ hybridization, and homologues to four of the markers have been mapped in human. The physical assignments show that almost the entire SSC1 is covered by the linkage map, which measures 164 cM (sex-averaged). In a large region on the q arm, representing about 40% of the chromosome, there is a significant excess of male recombination. In contrast, there is a significantly higher recombination rate in females in both terminal regions. In the penultimate marker intervals on the q arm as well as the p arm, females show a fivefold excess of recombination compared to males. The rate of genetic recombination in relation to the physical DNA content is 1 cM per 2-4 Mb over at least 80% of the chromosome. In the terminal part of the q arm, however, there is a tremendous increase in the recombination rate, with 1 cM equaling about 0.4 Mb. Two homologous chromosome segments in human could be detected, ESR-CGA on human chromosome 6 (HSA6) and IFNA-RLN-GRP78 on human chromosome 9 (HSA9). Since the porcine blood group locus EAA is located close to (or possibly within) the latter conserved segment and the suggested human counterpart, the ABO system, is similarly close to the segment on HSA9, our data provide indirect evidence that these blood group systems are homologous.