Virokannas H, Anttonen H
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
Arctic Med Res. 1994;53 Suppl 3:12-8.
Thermal responses were examined in 12 healthy men during snowmobile driving (tests for 1 1/2-2 1/2 hours) in mild winter conditions. Ambient temperature ranged from -1 to -13 degrees C and average wind chill index from 1,050 to 1,520 kcal*m2/h. The subjects (23-49 years old) wore their ordinary winter clothing (insulation 1.7 - 2.4 clo). Work rate during the driving was 280-350 W. Rectal temperature increased slightly during driving, and mean skin temperature decreased quickly and fluctuated afterwards at a level 2-3 degrees C lower. Mean body temperature decreased by 1.2 degrees C in the most extreme case. Local cooling on the face and on the peripheral area of the extremities was considered the most serious problem: those temperatures were often below the limit of performance degradation and indicated occasionally the risk of frostbite. The winter conditions were mild in the present study, and on colder days cooling problems will be more severe, as the high incidence of frost injuries reported earlier indicates.
在温和的冬季条件下，对12名健康男性在雪地摩托驾驶期间（测试1.5至2.5小时）的热反应进行了检查。环境温度范围为-1至-13摄氏度，平均风寒指数为1050至1520千卡·平方米/小时。受试者年龄在23至49岁之间，穿着普通冬季服装（隔热值为1.7至2.4克罗）。驾驶期间的工作强度为280至350瓦。驾驶过程中直肠温度略有升高，平均皮肤温度迅速下降，随后在低2至3摄氏度的水平波动。在最极端的情况下，平均体温下降了1.2摄氏度。面部和四肢周边区域的局部冷却被认为是最严重的问题：这些部位的温度经常低于性能下降的极限，偶尔还显示出冻伤的风险。本研究中的冬季条件较为温和，正如之前报道的冻伤高发率所表明的那样，在更寒冷的日子里，冷却问题将更加严重。
