Bergqvist U, Wolgast E, Nilsson B, Voss M
Department of Neuromedicine, National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
Ergonomics. 1995 Apr;38(4):763-76. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925148.
A number of individual, ergonomic, and organizational factors of presumed importance for the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders were investigated in a group of 260 visual display terminal (VDT) workers. The cross-sectional study utilized medical and workplace investigations as well as questionnaires. The results were subjected to a multivariate analysis in order to find the major factors associated with various upper-body muscular problems. Several such factors were identified for each investigated type of musculoskeletal problem. Some were related to the individual: age, gender, woman with children at home, use of spectacles, smoking, stomach-related stress reactions, and negative affectivity. Organizational variables of importance were opportunities for flexible rest breaks, extreme peer contacts, task flexibility, and overtime. Identified ergonomic variables were static work posture, hand position, use of lower arm support, repeated work movements, and keyboard or VDT vertical position.
在一组260名视屏显示终端（VDT）工作者中，对一些据推测对肌肉骨骼疾病发生具有重要意义的个人、人体工程学和组织因素进行了调查。这项横断面研究采用了医学和工作场所调查以及问卷调查。为了找出与各种上身肌肉问题相关的主要因素，对结果进行了多变量分析。针对每种被调查的肌肉骨骼问题类型，确定了几个这样的因素。有些与个人有关：年龄、性别、家中有孩子的女性、戴眼镜、吸烟、与胃部相关的应激反应以及消极情感。重要的组织变量包括灵活休息的机会、与同事的极端接触、任务灵活性和加班。确定的人体工程学变量包括静态工作姿势、手部位置、使用下臂支撑、重复性工作动作以及键盘或VDT的垂直位置。
