Sampson A E, Dixit S, Meyers A F, Houser R
Tufts University School of Nutrition, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1995 Mar;87(3):195-202.
To determine the contribution of breakfast-eating behavior to dietary adequacy among low-income African-American children, 1151 children attending grades two through five at four elementary schools in East Orange, New Jersey were studied. Results of a 4-day eating behavior survey and a 24-hour dietary recall reveal that on any given day, 12% to 26% of children attend school without having eaten anything. Thirty-six percent of the children were obese, which did not vary with breakfast-eating behavior. A significantly greater proportion of the children who skipped breakfast compared to those who ate breakfast failed to achieve dietary adequacy for nearly every nutrient studied. More than one third of breakfast skippers consumed < 50% of the recommended dietary allowance for vitamins A, E, B6, and folacin, and nearly one fourth consumed < 50% of the recommended dietary allowance for calories, vitamin C, calcium, and iron. Not eating breakfast results in substantial deficits in dietary intake of a variety of essential nutrients among low-income African-American school children. Efforts to improve the nutritional status of children should include nutrition education to promote breakfast.
为了确定吃早餐的行为对低收入非裔美国儿童饮食充足性的影响，对新泽西州东奥兰治四所小学二至五年级的1151名儿童进行了研究。一项为期4天的饮食行为调查和一次24小时饮食回顾的结果显示，在任何一天，12%至26%的儿童上学时没吃任何东西。36%的儿童肥胖，这与吃早餐的行为无关。与吃早餐的儿童相比，不吃早餐的儿童中，几乎每种所研究营养素的饮食充足率明显更低。超过三分之一不吃早餐的儿童维生素A、E、B6和叶酸的摄入量低于推荐膳食摄入量的50%，近四分之一的儿童卡路里、维生素C、钙和铁的摄入量低于推荐膳食摄入量的50%。不吃早餐会导致低收入非裔美国学童多种必需营养素的膳食摄入量大幅不足。改善儿童营养状况的努力应包括促进早餐摄入的营养教育。
