Nicklas T A, Reger C, Myers L, O'Neil C
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2000 Nov;27(5):314-21. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00113-0.
To assess the contribution of breakfast consumption (with and without dietary supplement intake) on total daily nutrient intake of ninth-grade students.
Twenty-four-hour recall of dietary intake was collected from a random sample of 711 ninth-grade students attending 12 Archdiocesan high schools in New Orleans, Louisiana. Analysis of variance techniques, Pearson's Chi-square statistic, and Breznahn-Shapiro method with Scheffé probabilities were used to analyze nutrient intake data, dietary adequacy, and nonorthogonal comparisons, respectively.
Nineteen percent of 15-year-olds skipped breakfast, with more females skipping breakfast than males (23% vs. 14%, respectively). Thirty-six percent of nonwhite females versus 20% white females skipped breakfast. Eleven percent of subjects took some type of dietary supplement, most commonly a multivitamin and mineral supplement. Among those who ate breakfast, average energy intake from breakfast was 437 kcal. Percentage of total daily energy intake was higher from fats and lower from carbohydrates for adolescents who skipped breakfast, compared with adolescents who consumed breakfast. The percentage of subjects consuming at least two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowance was significantly lower among adolescents skipping breakfast than those consuming breakfast.
Regardless of supplement use, breakfast consumption makes an important nutritional contribution to total daily intake of ninth-grade students. Encouraging breakfast consumption and healthful breakfast choices is an important step toward improving the nutritional quality of diets of this age group.
评估早餐摄入（无论是否摄入膳食补充剂）对九年级学生每日总营养摄入量的贡献。
从路易斯安那州新奥尔良市12所大主教管区高中随机抽取的711名九年级学生中收集24小时膳食摄入量回忆数据。分别使用方差分析技术、皮尔逊卡方统计量以及带有谢费尔概率的布雷兹纳恩-夏皮罗方法来分析营养摄入数据、膳食充足性和非正交比较。
19%的15岁青少年不吃早餐，不吃早餐的女性比男性更多（分别为23%和14%）。36%的非白人女性不吃早餐，而白人女性这一比例为20%。11%的受试者服用某种膳食补充剂，最常见的是多种维生素和矿物质补充剂。在吃早餐的人中，早餐的平均能量摄入量为437千卡。与吃早餐的青少年相比，不吃早餐的青少年每日总能量摄入中来自脂肪的百分比更高，来自碳水化合物的百分比更低。不吃早餐的青少年中摄入至少三分之二推荐膳食摄入量的受试者比例显著低于吃早餐的青少年。
无论是否使用补充剂，早餐摄入对九年级学生的每日总摄入量都有重要的营养贡献。鼓励早餐摄入和选择健康的早餐是提高该年龄组饮食营养质量的重要一步。
