Isotupa K P, Gunn S, Chen C Y, Lopatin D, Mäkinen K K
Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 May;107(5):497-504. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(95)70117-6.
Sixty 11- to 15-year-old children wearing fixed orthodontic appliances were given chewing gums containing polyol for daily use after meals and snacks, to study whether the chewing of gums that contained slowly fermentable polyols (xylitol and sorbitol) affects the amount of dental plaque and the number of mutans streptococci present in plaque and saliva. The 60 subjects were randomly divided into four groups, each of which was provided with a supply of 1.35 gm pellet-shaped gums for a period of 1 month, as follows: (1) xylitol; (2) sorbitol; (3) xylitol-sorbitol mixture I (3:2); and (4) xylitol-sorbitol mixture II (4:1). In each group, two pellets with a total initial gum mass of 2.7 gm (maximum polyol dose per day: 10.5 gm), were used six times a day. The fresh and dry weight of dental plaque, collected at baseline and 28 days later from incisors, canines, and premolars from the area between gingival margin and the bracket, reduced in all groups, but most significantly (by 43% to 47%) in children receiving xylitol gum. The plaque and saliva levels of mutans streptococci did not change in the sorbitol group, but was significantly (in most cases) reduced by 13% to 33% in groups that received gum containing xylitol. Provided that the quantity of dental plaque and the plaque and salivary levels of mutans streptococci can be regarded as risk factors in dental caries, these results suggest that regular use of polyol gum--and especially gum that contains xylitol as the predominant sweetener--can reduce the caries risk in young patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.
60名佩戴固定正畸矫治器的11至15岁儿童在餐后和吃零食后每天使用含多元醇的口香糖，以研究咀嚼含缓慢发酵多元醇（木糖醇和山梨醇）的口香糖是否会影响牙菌斑量以及菌斑和唾液中变形链球菌的数量。这60名受试者被随机分为四组，每组提供1.35克颗粒状口香糖，为期1个月，具体如下：（1）木糖醇组；（2）山梨醇组；（3）木糖醇 - 山梨醇混合物I（3:2）组；（4）木糖醇 - 山梨醇混合物II（4:1）组。每组每天使用两次总初始口香糖质量为2.7克（每天最大多元醇剂量：10.5克）的口香糖。在基线时以及28天后从牙龈边缘和托槽之间区域的切牙、尖牙和前磨牙收集牙菌斑的鲜重和干重，所有组的牙菌斑重量均有所减少，但接受木糖醇口香糖的儿童减少最为显著（减少43%至47%）。山梨醇组中变形链球菌的菌斑和唾液水平没有变化，但接受含木糖醇口香糖的组中变形链球菌的菌斑和唾液水平在大多数情况下显著降低了13%至33%。假设牙菌斑量以及变形链球菌的菌斑和唾液水平可被视为龋齿的危险因素，这些结果表明，经常使用多元醇口香糖——尤其是以木糖醇作为主要甜味剂的口香糖——可以降低佩戴固定正畸矫治器的年轻患者的龋齿风险。
