Philip G, Togias A G
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-6801, USA.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1995;252 Suppl 1:S27-32. doi: 10.1007/BF02484431.
Nonallergic rhinitis is a diagnosis of exclusion which is given to patients who suffer perennial nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and/or sneezing with no identifiable allergic etiology. Because there is still no clear understanding of the pathophysiology, it is possible that a number of different disease processes may be included within this clinically defined entity. This report does not attempt to present an overall discussion of the clinical approaches to patients with nonallergic rhinitis. Instead, an outline is presented of various research approaches which may be used in its study. A number of nasal provocation models using nonallergic stimuli are available for application in the laboratory. These include intranasal methacholine challenges, intranasal histamine challenges, nasal inhalation of cold dry air, and intranasal capsaicin challenges. These models provide certain insights into mechanisms of nonallergic hyper-responsiveness. An additional approach to the study of nonallergic rhinitis is to examine available therapies, allowing the clinician to evaluate various pathways of importance in the disease process. These approaches provide a certain understanding of this common but perplexing entity, although further study is still required.
非变应性鼻炎是一种排除性诊断，适用于那些常年遭受鼻充血、鼻溢液和/或打喷嚏且无明确变应性病因的患者。由于对其病理生理学仍缺乏清晰认识，在这个临床定义的实体中可能包含多种不同的疾病过程。本报告并非试图全面讨论非变应性鼻炎患者的临床治疗方法。相反，本文概述了可用于该疾病研究的各种研究方法。实验室中可采用多种使用非变应性刺激的鼻激发模型。这些模型包括鼻内注射乙酰甲胆碱激发试验、鼻内注射组胺激发试验、经鼻吸入冷干燥空气以及鼻内注射辣椒素激发试验。这些模型为非变应性高反应性的机制提供了一定的见解。研究非变应性鼻炎的另一种方法是研究现有疗法，这有助于临床医生评估疾病过程中各种重要途径。尽管仍需进一步研究，但这些方法使我们对这个常见但令人困惑的实体有了一定的认识。
