Lamminpää A
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Pediatr. 1994 Dec;153(12):868-72. doi: 10.1007/BF01954735.
Severe toxicity from ethanol, manifested as coma, occurs at lower blood alcohol concentrations in young teenagers than in adults. Coma, vomiting and hypothermia are the commonest symptoms in young teenagers intoxicated by alcohol. The biochemical disturbances in children 11-16 years of age with alcohol intoxication resemble those of adults. Mild acidosis of a respiratory and metabolic origin and mild hypokalaemia are common findings in young teenagers. Young teenagers eliminate ethanol at the same rate as adults, whereas preschool age children are reported to eliminate ethanol twice as fast. The effect of ethanol on the state of consciousness is directly proportional to the blood alcohol concentration. Among small children the risk of hypoglycaemia is increased. Data on family history, social status, drinking habits, and children's motives for getting drunk are also of clinical importance. Fluid replacement with glucose-containing fluids and follow up are generally the only treatments needed for complete recovery. When children and adolescents are healthy, well-nourished and have not fasted, no severe complications are expected.
青少年因乙醇导致的严重毒性表现为昏迷，其出现时的血液酒精浓度低于成年人。昏迷、呕吐和体温过低是青少年酒精中毒最常见的症状。11至16岁儿童酒精中毒时的生化紊乱与成年人相似。呼吸和代谢性轻度酸中毒以及轻度低钾血症在青少年中很常见。青少年消除乙醇的速度与成年人相同，而据报道学龄前儿童消除乙醇的速度是成年人的两倍。乙醇对意识状态的影响与血液酒精浓度成正比。幼儿发生低血糖的风险会增加。家族史、社会地位、饮酒习惯以及儿童醉酒的动机等数据也具有临床重要性。通常，用含葡萄糖的液体进行补液和随访是完全康复所需的唯一治疗方法。当儿童和青少年健康、营养良好且未禁食时，预计不会出现严重并发症。
