Pilgrim C, Chambers L, Galizio M
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington 28403, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1995 May;63(3):239-54. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1995.63-239.
In a systematic replication of a study using college-student subjects (Pilgrim & Galizio, 1990), 5- to 7-year-old children learned two conditional discriminations (i.e., A1B1, A2B2, A1C1, and A2C2) in a two-choice arbitrary match-to-sample task and showed the emergence of two three-member equivalence classes (A1B1C1 and A2B2C2). Baseline conditional discrimination performance were quickly controlled by reversals of the AC reinforcement contingencies (i.e., choosing Comparison Stimulus C2 was reinforced given Sample A1, and choosing C1 was reinforced given Sample A2) when the reversals were introduced in restricted baselines. On reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity/equivalence probes following the reversal, there was some limited indication of equivalence-class reorganization (i.e., A1B1C2 and A2B2C1) in keeping with the concurrently performed baseline relations for 2 of 5 subjects, but the predominant pattern across probe trials was one of inconsistent conditional control. These findings suggest that, given similar challenges, equivalence-class performances may be more easily disrupted in young children than in adults.
在一项对以大学生为被试的研究（皮尔格林 & 加利齐奥，1990）进行的系统复现中，5至7岁的儿童在二选一的任意匹配样本任务中学习了两种条件性辨别（即A1B1、A2B2、A1C1和A2C2），并表现出两个三元等价类（A1B1C1和A2B2C2）的出现。当在受限基线中引入AC强化 contingency的反转时（即给定样本A1时选择比较刺激C2得到强化，给定样本A2时选择C1得到强化），基线条件性辨别表现通过AC强化 contingency的反转很快得到了控制。在反转后的自反性、对称性和传递性/等价性探测中，有一些有限迹象表明，对于5名被试中的2名，等价类发生了重组（即A1B1C2和A2B2C1），这与同时进行的基线关系一致，但在整个探测试验中，主要模式是条件控制不一致。这些发现表明，在面临类似挑战时，幼儿的等价类表现可能比成年人更容易受到干扰。
