Isenberg S J, Neumann D, Cheong P Y, Ling Y L, McCall L C, Ziffer A J
Jules Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
Ophthalmology. 1995 May;102(5):827-30. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30950-5.
Better knowledge of the growth patterns of the external and internal eyes of neonates would permit more accurate diagnosis of disorders that affect ocular size such as infantile glaucoma and microphthalmos. Such disorders preferentially may affect certain parts of the internal eye but not other parts. No previous study statistically has evaluated internal ocular growth in preterm newborns.
A-scan ultrasonography was applied directly to the corneas of 101 healthy preterm and term newborns to determine axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth. The growth of these structures was evaluated by correlation and regression analyses.
At term, the mean measurements were axial length, 16.2 mm; anterior chamber depth, 2.0 mm; lens thickness, 3.8 mm; and vitreous chamber depth, 10.5 mm. Postconceptional age correlated to axial length (P < 0.001), anterior chamber depth (P = 0.032), and vitreous chamber depth (P < 0.001), but not to lens thickness (P = 0.48). By regression analysis, the eyes of males grew faster than those of females (P < 0.001) mainly due to the vitreous chamber.
In the last trimester and first 2 postnatal months, lens thickness remains constant, while the anterior chamber and, especially, the vitreous chamber deepen.
更好地了解新生儿眼球内外的生长模式，将有助于更准确地诊断影响眼球大小的疾病，如婴儿型青光眼和小眼症。这些疾病可能优先影响眼球内部的某些部分，而不影响其他部分。此前尚无研究对早产新生儿的眼球内部生长进行统计学评估。
对101例健康早产和足月新生儿的角膜直接进行A超检查，以确定眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度和玻璃体腔深度。通过相关性和回归分析评估这些结构的生长情况。
足月时，平均测量值为眼轴长度16.2毫米；前房深度2.0毫米；晶状体厚度3.8毫米；玻璃体腔深度10.5毫米。孕龄与眼轴长度（P<0.001）、前房深度（P = 0.032）和玻璃体腔深度（P<0.001）相关，但与晶状体厚度无关（P = 0.48）。通过回归分析，男性眼球的生长速度比女性快（P<0.001），主要是由于玻璃体腔。
在妊娠晚期和出生后的前两个月，晶状体厚度保持不变，而前房，尤其是玻璃体腔会加深。
