Moore R L, Korzick D H
Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0354, USA.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1995 May-Jun;37(6):371-96. doi: 10.1016/s0033-0620(05)80019-2.
The heart responds positively to programs of chronic dynamic exercise. Hallmark adaptations of the heart include a training bradycardia, increases in end-diastolic dimension and maximal stroke volume, and a general improvement in ventricular performance and contractile function. Of considerable clinical significance are the general observations that chronic exercise renders the myocardium less susceptible to the deleterious effects of acute ischemic episodes and can effectively prevent and/or reverse many of the cardiac functional deficits that are known to occur in settings of chronic hypertension, advanced age, and myocardial infarction. In the text that follows, information gathered over the last 25 to 30 years has been reviewed in an attempt to identify cellular myocardial adaptations, both known and hypothetical, that are responsible for the observed effects of chronic dynamic exercise on the function and morphology of the heart in both normal and selected pathophysiologic settings. Finally, a variety of unresolved issues regarding the ability of chronic exercise to elicit adaptive cardiocyte responses has been identified. In so doing, it is hoped that creative thought and future work in the area will be stimulated.
心脏对慢性动态运动计划会产生积极反应。心脏的标志性适应性变化包括训练性心动过缓、舒张末期内径增加和最大心输出量增加，以及心室性能和收缩功能的总体改善。具有重要临床意义的是一些普遍观察结果，即慢性运动使心肌对急性缺血发作的有害影响更具抵抗力，并且可以有效预防和/或逆转许多已知在慢性高血压、高龄和心肌梗死情况下出现的心脏功能缺陷。在接下来的文本中，回顾了过去25至30年收集的信息，试图确定已知的和假设的心肌细胞适应性变化，这些变化是慢性动态运动在正常和选定的病理生理环境中对心脏功能和形态产生观察到的影响的原因。最后，确定了关于慢性运动引发适应性心肌细胞反应能力的各种未解决问题。这样做的目的是希望能激发该领域的创造性思维和未来研究工作。
