Moore R L
Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, Boulder 80309-0354, USA.
Ann Med. 1998 Aug;30 Suppl 1:46-53.
Exercise training is unique in that it represents a stress that elicits positive adaptations in the heart. Hallmark adaptations of the heart to training include resting and submaximal exercise bradycardia, increases in end-diastolic dimension, improved ventricular function, and an increase in the resistance of the heart to ischaemic insult. Endurance exercise training has also been shown to be effective in the treatment and/or prevention of the cardiac functional deficits that are known to occur in settings of chronic hypertension, advanced age, and myocardial infarction. Over the last 20-25 years, considerable effort has been directed towards identifying the cellular basis for the global adaptations of the normal and pathologically involved heart to endurance exercise training. It is the intent of this brief review to identify some of the known and hypothetical cellular adaptations that underlie the positive effects of endurance exercise training on the heart.
运动训练具有独特性，因为它是一种能在心脏引发积极适应性变化的应激。心脏对训练的典型适应性变化包括静息和次最大运动时的心动过缓、舒张末期内径增加、心室功能改善以及心脏对缺血性损伤的耐受性增强。耐力运动训练在治疗和/或预防已知发生于慢性高血压、高龄和心肌梗死情况下的心脏功能缺陷方面也已被证明是有效的。在过去20至25年里，人们投入了大量精力来确定正常和病理状态下的心脏对耐力运动训练进行整体适应性变化的细胞基础。这篇简短综述的目的是确定一些已知的和假设的细胞适应性变化，这些变化构成了耐力运动训练对心脏产生积极影响的基础。
