Urbach F, Forbes P D, Davies R E, Berger D
J Invest Dermatol. 1976 Jul;67(1):209-24. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12513042.
The history and origin of the science of photobiology are reviewed. Interest in the biologic effects of light gradually increased, beginning with the discovery of ultraviolet and infrared radiation early in the 19th century. The basis of experimental photobiology was laid by the studies of Raab and Tappeiner on photodynamic action and the early uses of phototherapy by Finsen and Dorno. The discovery of the association of porphyrins with some light-related skin diseases and of the capability of chemical agents such as coal tar and bergamot to induce phototoxic contact dermatitis resulted in a flurry of clinical investigations leading to better understanding of the processes of phototoxicity and photoallergy. The early epidemiologic studies of Unna and Dubreuilh relating solar radiation exposure to the formation of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancer were experimentally confirmed in animals by Findlay, Roffo, and Blum. In the most recent quarter century (1950-1975), cellular and molecular photobiology has been refined. The studies on photochemistry of nucleic acid and of damage and repair mechanisms in DNA have set the stage for understanding the basic processes of biologic effects of light and promise the development of useful applications of specifically directed phototherapy and prevention of such light-induced diseases as skin cancer.
本文回顾了光生物学的历史和起源。自19世纪初发现紫外线和红外线辐射以来，人们对光的生物学效应的兴趣逐渐增加。拉布（Raab）和塔佩纳（Tappeiner）对光动力作用的研究以及芬森（Finsen）和多尔诺（Dorno）早期对光疗法的应用奠定了实验光生物学的基础。卟啉与某些光相关皮肤病的关联以及煤焦油和佛手柑等化学物质诱导光毒性接触性皮炎能力的发现，引发了一系列临床研究，从而使人们对光毒性和光过敏过程有了更好的理解。乌纳（Unna）和迪布勒伊（Dubreuilh）关于太阳辐射暴露与光化性角化病和非黑素瘤皮肤癌形成之间关系的早期流行病学研究，在动物实验中得到了芬德利（Findlay）、罗福（Roffo）和布卢姆（Blum）的证实。在最近的四分之一世纪（1950 - 1975年）里，细胞和分子光生物学得到了完善。对核酸光化学以及DNA损伤和修复机制的研究，为理解光生物学效应的基本过程奠定了基础，并有望开发出有针对性的光疗法以及预防皮肤癌等光诱导疾病的有效应用。
