Landolt H P, Werth E, Borbély A A, Dijk D J
Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Brain Res. 1995 Mar 27;675(1-2):67-74. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00040-w.
Adenosine has been implicated in the physiological regulation of sleep propensity. The adenosine-receptor-antagonist, caffeine (100 mg), administered immediately prior to a nocturnal sleep episode, has previously been shown to lower sleep propensity as indexed by a reduced sleep efficiency, a reduced EEG power density in low delta frequencies and enhanced power density in the frequency range of sleep spindles. To further investigate the role of adenosine in sleep regulation we administered 200 mg of caffeine at 07.10 h and analyzed the sleep stages and EEG power spectra during the subsequent night in nine healthy men. Caffeine levels in saliva decreased from a maximum of 17 mumol/l one hour after intake, to 3 mumol/l immediately prior to the sleep episode starting at 23.00 h. Compared to placebo, sleep efficiency and total sleep time were significantly reduced. EEG power density in nonREM sleep was suppressed in the 0.25-0.5 Hz band and enhanced in the frequency range of sleep spindles (11.25-12.0 Hz and 13.25-14.0 Hz). In REM sleep EEG power density was suppressed in the frequency range of 0.75-4.5 and 5.25-6.0 Hz. The data indicate that a saliva level of caffeine as low as 3 mumol/l directly affects sleep propensity or, alternatively, that the presence of caffeine in the central nervous system during the waking episode reduces the progressive increase of sleep propensity associated with wakefulness.
腺苷与睡眠倾向的生理调节有关。在夜间睡眠发作前立即给予腺苷受体拮抗剂咖啡因（100毫克），此前已表明会降低睡眠倾向，其指标包括睡眠效率降低、低δ频率下的脑电图功率密度降低以及睡眠纺锤波频率范围内的功率密度增强。为了进一步研究腺苷在睡眠调节中的作用，我们在07:10给9名健康男性服用了200毫克咖啡因，并分析了随后夜晚的睡眠阶段和脑电图功率谱。唾液中的咖啡因水平从摄入后1小时的最高17微摩尔/升降至23:00开始睡眠发作前的3微摩尔/升。与安慰剂相比，睡眠效率和总睡眠时间显著降低。非快速眼动睡眠中的脑电图功率密度在0.25 - 0.5赫兹频段受到抑制，在睡眠纺锤波频率范围（11.25 - 12.0赫兹和13.25 - 14.0赫兹）增强。在快速眼动睡眠中，脑电图功率密度在0.75 - 4.5赫兹和5.25 - 6.0赫兹频率范围内受到抑制。数据表明，低至3微摩尔/升的唾液咖啡因水平直接影响睡眠倾向，或者说，清醒期间中枢神经系统中咖啡因的存在减少了与清醒相关的睡眠倾向的逐渐增加。
