Incandela L, Giomi S, Nencioni C, Riccardi M P, Galluzzi P, Caponetti R, Domenici P, Toti M
Divisione Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Civile, Grosseto.
Minerva Med. 1994 Oct;85(10):505-9.
To assess the prevalence and the incidence of the anti-HCV and HBV markers in extracorporeal dialysis patients.
From 1990 to 1993, every six months, anti-HCV and anti-HBV markers were determined in 88 dialyzed patients, in 24 health workers from the Nephrology and Dialysis Departments and checked with 4143 blood donors. ALT values were also checked monthly.
A 13.6 prevalence of anti-HCV was found while no new anti-HCV case was seen in the three-year observation period. Data referring to HBV infection were affected by vaccination. Statistical survey has shown a significant relation between anti-HCV and blood transfusions and between anti-HBV infection and duration of dialysis. The incidence of HCV infection was 4.1% among health workers who were all HBV vaccinated in the year before the research.
We strongly recommend the observance of such rules as hygiene and prophylaxis, disinfection, sterilization and the use of disposable material. Also, a reduction of the number of transfusions seems to cut down the incidence of hematic infections.
评估体外透析患者中抗丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）标志物的流行率和发病率。
1990年至1993年期间，每六个月对88例透析患者、肾病科和透析科的24名医护人员进行抗HCV和抗HBV标志物检测，并与4143名献血者进行比对。同时每月检查丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）值。
抗HCV流行率为13.6%，在三年观察期内未发现新的抗HCV病例。关于HBV感染的数据受疫苗接种影响。统计调查显示，抗HCV与输血之间以及抗HBV感染与透析时间之间存在显著关联。在研究前一年全部接种HBV疫苗的医护人员中，HCV感染发病率为4.1%。
我们强烈建议遵守诸如卫生与预防、消毒、灭菌以及使用一次性材料等规定。此外，减少输血次数似乎可以降低血液感染的发病率。
