Campbell N R, McKay D W, Chockalingam A, Fodor J G
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 1994 Sep-Oct;85 Suppl 2:S12-7.
This article reviews patient-related factors affecting blood pressure measurement and provides the scientific rationale underlying current recommendations for the measurement of blood pressure in the evaluation of hypertension. Information is included on the magnitude of errors that can occur when the recommendations are not followed. A variety of factors relating to the patient's emotions, activity, bodily function and environment cause blood pressure to fluctuate throughout the day such that peak systolic and diastolic blood pressures are often twice as high as trough levels. Many physicians fail to account for these factors when assessing a patient's blood pressure. Errors in the classification and treatment of a patient's blood pressure and the finding of labile blood pressure can occur often when patients are not adequately prepared in advance of the blood pressure measurement.
本文回顾了影响血压测量的患者相关因素，并为高血压评估中血压测量的当前建议提供了科学依据。文中还介绍了不遵循这些建议时可能出现的误差程度。与患者情绪、活动、身体功能和环境相关的各种因素会导致血压在一天中波动，使得收缩压和舒张压的峰值往往是谷值的两倍。许多医生在评估患者血压时未能考虑这些因素。当患者在血压测量前没有做好充分准备时，经常会出现患者血压分类和治疗的错误以及血压不稳定的情况。
