Könönen E, Saarela M, Karjalainen J, Jousimies-Somer H, Alaluusua S, Asikainen S
Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1994 Oct;9(5):310-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1994.tb00077.x.
Most likely, young children acquire their oral microflora by frequent transfer of bacteria between family members. The possible transmission of obligately anaerobic Prevotella melaninogenica recovered from 11 mother-child pairs was examined by ribotyping. One to 18 isolates (mean 13) per child from different oral sampling sites and 4 to 17 (mean 10) isolates per mother from stimulated salivary samples, collected on 2 occasions, were analyzed. On sampling, the mean ages of the children were 4 months and 32 months, respectively. Restriction endonucleases KpnI and ClaI were chosen for the digestion of chromosomal DNA. DNA fragments were electrophoretically separated, blotted onto a nylon membrane and hybridized with rRNA operon of Escherichia coli. DNA-DNA hybrids were detected immunologically. Extensive genetic heterogeneity, 101 distinct ribotypes, was observed among 248 P. melaninogenica isolates studied. Both mothers and children harbored several (up to 7) ribotypes which, apart from 3 ribotypes, were distinguishable in unrelated subjects. Several P. melaninogenica ribotypes were detected on both sampling occasions over 2 years apart. Identical ribotypes were found in 6 of the 11 mother-child pairs, 1 to 2 similar ribotypes per pair. This suggests the transmission of P. melaninogenica between the mother and her child, probably via maternal saliva. However, the unique ribotypes found in these children also indicate that other sources besides the mother influence the oral colonization of young children.
幼儿很可能通过家庭成员之间频繁的细菌传播来获得口腔微生物群。通过核糖分型法检测了从11对母婴中分离出的专性厌氧菌产黑色素普雷沃菌的可能传播情况。对每个孩子来自不同口腔采样部位的1至18株菌株（平均13株）以及每位母亲在两次采集的刺激唾液样本中的4至17株菌株（平均10株）进行了分析。采样时，孩子的平均年龄分别为4个月和32个月。选择限制性内切酶KpnI和ClaI对染色体DNA进行消化。DNA片段经电泳分离后，转移到尼龙膜上，并与大肠杆菌的rRNA操纵子杂交。通过免疫方法检测DNA - DNA杂交体。在所研究的248株产黑色素普雷沃菌分离株中观察到广泛的遗传异质性，有101种不同的核糖型。母亲和孩子都携带了几种（多达7种）核糖型，除了3种核糖型外，在无关个体中是可区分的。在相隔两年的两次采样中都检测到了几种产黑色素普雷沃菌核糖型。在11对母婴中的6对中发现了相同的核糖型，每对中有1至2种相似的核糖型。这表明产黑色素普雷沃菌可能通过母亲的唾液在母亲和孩子之间传播。然而，在这些孩子中发现的独特核糖型也表明，除了母亲之外，其他来源也会影响幼儿的口腔定植。
