Stabb E V, Jacobson L M, Handelsman J
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Dec;60(12):4404-12. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.12.4404-4412.1994.
Bacillus cereus UW85 produces a novel aminopolyol antibiotic, zwittermicin A, that contributes to the ability of UW85 to suppress damping-off of alfalfa caused by Phytophthora medicaginis. UW85 produces a second antibiotic, provisionally designated antibiotic B, which also contributes to suppression of damping-off but has not been structurally defined yet and is less potent than zwittermicin A. The purpose of this study was to isolate genetically diverse strains of B. cereus that produce zwittermicin A and suppress disease. We found that most isolates of B. cereus that were sensitive to phage P7 or inhibited the growth of Erwinia herbicola produced zwittermicin A; therefore, phage typing and E. herbicola inhibition provided indirect, but rapid screening tests for identification of zwittermicin A-producing isolates. We used these tests to screen a collection of 4,307 B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates obtained from bacterial stock collections and from diverse soils collected in Honduras, Panama, Australia, The Netherlands, and the United States. A subset of the isolates screened by the P7 sensitivity and E. herbicola inhibition tests were assayed directly for production of zwittermicin A, leading to the identification of 57 isolates that produced zwittermicin A; 41 of these isolates also produced antibiotic B. Eight isolates produced antibiotic B but not zwittermicin A. The assay for phage P7 sensitivity was particularly useful because of its simplicity and rapidity and because 22 of the 23 P7-sensitive isolates tested produced zwittermicin A. However, not all zwittermicin A-producing isolates were sensitive to P7, and the more labor-intensive E. herbicola inhibition assay identified a larger proportion of the zwittermicin A producers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
蜡样芽孢杆菌UW85能产生一种新型氨基多元醇抗生素——两性霉素A，这有助于UW85抑制由苜蓿疫霉引起的苜蓿猝倒病。UW85还能产生第二种抗生素，暂命名为抗生素B，它也有助于抑制猝倒病，但尚未明确其结构，且效力比两性霉素A弱。本研究的目的是分离出能产生两性霉素A并抑制病害的遗传多样性蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株。我们发现，大多数对噬菌体P7敏感或能抑制草生欧文氏菌生长的蜡样芽孢杆菌分离株都能产生两性霉素A；因此，噬菌体分型和对草生欧文氏菌的抑制作用提供了间接但快速的筛选试验，用于鉴定产生两性霉素A的分离株。我们利用这些试验筛选了从细菌保藏库以及从洪都拉斯、巴拿马、澳大利亚、荷兰和美国采集的不同土壤中获得的4307株蜡样芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌分离株。对通过P7敏感性和草生欧文氏菌抑制试验筛选出的一部分分离株直接检测两性霉素A的产生情况，从而鉴定出57株能产生两性霉素A的分离株；其中41株还产生抗生素B。有8株分离株产生抗生素B但不产生两性霉素A。噬菌体P7敏感性试验特别有用，因为它简单快速，而且在测试的23株对P7敏感的分离株中有22株产生两性霉素A。然而，并非所有产生两性霉素A的分离株都对P7敏感，而更为繁琐的草生欧文氏菌抑制试验鉴定出的两性霉素A产生菌比例更大。（摘要截短于250词）
